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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is love defined by?
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Attachment
Caring Intimacy |
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What is Companionate love characterized by?
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High in affection, caring, trust, security
Ideal love |
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What is Passionate love characterized by?
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Hot, exciting, exhaustive
Based on arousal/high emotion |
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What does Passionate love eventually turn into?
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Companionate
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What is the loving style of Ludus?
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Love a game to win
Avoid commitment, play the field Sex = fun, enjoyable Self sufficient/minimal jealousy |
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What is the loving style of Eros?
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Eager to have physical relationship
Self confident in love Bored very easily, hard to maintain Rapid disclosure, intimacy, sex |
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What is the loving style of Storge?
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Companionate love
friendship -> love Shared interests, secure Avoid extreme emotions |
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What is the loving style of Mania?
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Possessive
Intense, yet manipulative Demanding, jealous Constant attention needed |
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What is the loving style of Mania a combination of?
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Ludus/Eros
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What is the loving style of Pragma?
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Practical
List of characteristics a partner needs Cool headed, distanced Lack of emotion |
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What is the combination of loving styles that make up Pragma?
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Ludus/Storge hybrid
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What is the Agape style of loving?
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Unconditional
Focused on giving rather then receiving Enduring |
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What loving style are most men?
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Ludus
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What loving style are most women?
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Mania, Storge, Pragma
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What is Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?
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Passion -> Intimacy -> Commitment
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What is Passion in Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?
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Hot component
Unstable/uncontrollable Difficult to understand |
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What is Intimacy in Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?
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Warm component
Foundation- stable Based on emotional attachment |
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What is Latent Intimacy?
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Inside yourself
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What is Manifest Intimacy?
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What you let others view about you
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What is Commitment in Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?
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Cool component
Cognitive choice, faithfulness Central to love Somewhat stable/controllable |
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What characterizes Infactuation?
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Passion only
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What characterizes Empty Love?
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Commitment only
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What characterizes Romantic Love?
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High Passion
High Intimacy |
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What characterizes Friendship Love?
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High Intimacy
High Commitment |
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What characterizes Consummate Love?
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High Intimacy
High Commitment High Passion Ideal love |
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What is Collaborative love?
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Love = partnership
Mutual support |
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What is Active love?
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Activity- doing things together
Strength in mutual activities |
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What is Intuitive love?
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Feeling communicated through non-verbals
Experienced through physical reaction |
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What is Committed love?
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Commitment, connection
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What is Secure love?
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Security
Intimacy- safety |
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What is Expressive love?
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Through overt behaviors
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What is Traditional Romantic love?
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Togetherness/commitment while feeling beautiful/happy
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What is the Secure Attachment style?
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I'm okay, you're okay
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What is the Preoccupied Attachment style?
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I'm not okay, you're okay
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What is the Dismissive Attachment style?
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I'm okay, you're not okay
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What is the Fearful Attachment style?
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I'm not okay, you're not okay
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How would each Attachment style react to separation?
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S- upset, then calm
Avoidant- little reaction Anxious/Ambivalent- very anxious |
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How would each Attachment style react to reunion?
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S- happy
Avoidant- little reaction Anxious/Ambivalent- relief/anger |
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Would each Attachment style feel free about exploring their environment?
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S- yes
Avoidant- no Anxious/Ambivalent- yes and no |
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How would each Attachment style feel around strangers anxiety wise?
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S- a little
Avoidant- no Anxious/Ambivalent- a lot |
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What percentage do you have of your Grandparents genes?
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25%
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What percentage do you have of your siblings genes?
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(30% to 72%) average 50%
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What percentage do you have of your cousins genes?
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12.5%
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What percentages of each other's genes do identical twins have? fraternal?
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Identical- 100%
Fraternal- 30 to 72% (avg. 50%) |
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Describe the Secure attachment style
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Comfortable w/ themselves, intimacy
Confident, Self sufficient, Caregiver- loved but gave freedom |
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Describe the Preoccupied attachment style
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Crave excessive attention
Lack confidence Relationships fulfill dependency needs |
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Describe the Dismissive attachment style
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Uncomfortable w/ intimacy
Very self reliant, no need for relationships Caregiver- doesn't give attachment, individuals need to fulfill own |
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Describe the Fearful/Avoidant attachment style
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Crave intimacy but avoid it
Lack confidence Afraid of social interactions Caregiver- inconsistent, child doesn't know what to expect |
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What are external boundaries to a family?
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Who is/is not part of the family
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What are internal boundaries to a family?
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Control of communication within family
ex. Bro knows you snuck out, Dad doesn't |
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What is family defined as?
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Self defined- how family defines reality
Sense of security Involuntary Shared history- past, present and future |
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What is Nuclear family?
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Biological Married Mom and Dad w/ one of more children
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What is a Binuclear family?
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Biological Mom and Dad share custody of biological child
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What is a Gay/Lesbian family?
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Two romantic same sex couple
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What is Extended family?
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Multiple generations living in one house
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What is Communal Extended family?
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Friendship households
ex. Roommates |
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What is Blended family?
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Step family- Biological parent w/ step parent w/ child (whose related to biologically)
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What is Single Parent family?
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One parent raises biological child
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What are Cohabiting couples?
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2 unmarried romantic individuals living together w/ or w/out children
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What is a Complex Blended family?
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Biological parent and step parents where each has children from previous marriage along w/ a child together
Has Step, Half, and Full siblings |
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What is Reframing?
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Changing how you look at a situation
Thinking about it in a different light |
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What are Roles?
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Expectations surrounding yourself in family
Change over time, are learned Different values, enacted at different times |
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What is the difference b/wn Roles and Rules?
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Roles- individual
Rules- about family as system |
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What are Rules?
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what you can/can't do in the family
explicit and implicit |
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What is an Explicit Rule?
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Stated out loud
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What is an Implicit Rule?
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Known but not verbally said
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What is stronger: implicit or explicit rule?
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Implicit
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When does a rule go from being implicit to explicit?
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When it is broken
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What are some decisions to think about before becoming a parent?
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Financial Status
Time Social Support Goals Maturity |
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What is Voluntary Childlessness?
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You chose not to have children
Report as happy as couples w/ children |
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What is Involuntary Childlessness?
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Don't chose to not have children
Report lower satisfaction levels |
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How does a mother communicate w/ a baby while pregnant?
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Mother's smell
Mother's voice -> movement in womb Ultrasound |
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How does pregnancy affect both planned/unplanned relationships?
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Never has no affect
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Which relationship is influenced the most with pregnancy?
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Father w/ his father
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How is communication w/ friends affected by pregnancy?
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Significantly decreases, especially w/ friends w/ no children
Different lifestyle |
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How traumatic is birth in general?
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Most traumatic event in a couple's life
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How significant is the first birth?
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Most significant
Life changes |
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How significant is the second birth?
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Second most significant
Siblings |
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How significant is the third birth?
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Still significant
Children out number parents |
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Which marital type reports the highest levels of satisfaction?
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Traditional
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What are Egalitarian style couples characterized by?
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Highest levels of:
Conflict Commitment Intimacy |
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What is the most damaging conflicts children can face?
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Environments high in destructive conflict
Divorce b/wn high conflict couple = same happiness as child w/ two married parents |
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What problems cause child unhappiness as opposed to divorce?
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Inconsistent/harsh discipline
Lack of communication b/wn parents Parents too preoccupied w/ own relationship, ignore child Parents too cold/warm w/ child |
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When do children's homes stabilize after divorce?
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2 years after
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What is Social Learning Theory?
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All aggression is learned
We learn by others |
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What is Evolutionary Theory?
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More altruistic to those we share our genes
Survival of fittest |
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What does an intersexed individual mean?
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Biological qualities of each sex
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How does Biology affect behavior?
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Influences, but does NOT determine behavior
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What is Androgyny?
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mix of both feminine and masculine traits
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What is Biology Gender Development Theory?
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Look at chemical differences, drives, less controlled
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What is Social Learning Gender Development Theory?
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Teaching moments, model role differences, learned
Children find own path, regardless of body |
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What is Cognitive Learning Gender Development Theory?
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Gender schema, categorize after 18 months
What boys/girls do influence memories |
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How are Rooms/Clothes affect gender development?
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Children color blind when born
Nursery- contrasting color stimulate brain Dress- girls in high heels, segregate w/ each other |
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When does sex segregation begin?
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Beginning at age 3 w/ girls
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At what age do children determine social context? how do they view their mother/father?
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18 months
Mothers- comfort, Father- fun No sex partner or toy preferences |
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What is Preschool categorized by?
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Parallel play- next to each other, not together
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How are cross sex friends affected by sex segregation?
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Keep if before, but after that keep separation
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What is Age 5-10 categorized by?
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Age 5- Mutual Play
Same sex play Age 4-6 = 2/3 of time Age 6-10 = 3/4 of time |
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What is Rough and Tumble play?
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Wrestling, playing, hitting
Not about aggression/anger, when turns into these it isn't liked |
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How do the sexes differ in aggression?
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Equally aggressive
Boys- physically aggressive Girls- relationally aggressive- mean |
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How does cognition (gender schema) influence sex segregation?
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Increases uncertainty about other sex
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How does social learning influence sex segregation?
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Cross culturally sex segregation occurs when children chose
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When does sex segregation complete?
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Sixth grade
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What is Intimacy?
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Experience related to feelings/thoughts
Warmth, love, attachment |
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What is Human Affection Exchange Theory?
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Communicating/receiving affection is an adaptive behavior
Involved in evolution, better for well-being |
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What is Verbal Communication?
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Spoken word
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How much of communication is non-verbal?
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65-80%
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What percentage of emotions are expressed non-verbally?
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93%
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Why are nonverbals important?
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Believed more then verbal
Communicates feelings/attitudes More efficient then verbal |
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What are Mother-E's?
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Voice used when talking to babies
Stimulates brain activity |
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What is Visual Non-verbal tactics?
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Eye contact
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What is Proxemics?
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use of space to communicate
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What are Haptics?
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use of touch to communicate
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What are Kinesics?
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body movements, gestures
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What are Chronemics?
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use of time
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What is Facial Primacy?
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Fact provides most meaning
Used to identify people Most reliable source to provide info |
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What is Visual Primacy?
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We look most at a person's eyes
Seeing takes more brain activity then any other function |
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What is olfactic association?
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Memory triggered by smell, linked directly
Strong emotional component Strong odor = strong memories |
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What are two groups w/ no sense of space?
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children and elderly
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What are the types of distance?
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Public- 7 feet +
Social- 4-7 feet Personal- 1.5-4 feet Intimate- 1.5 feet and less |
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What is the most important sense for survival?
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Touch
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What happens to those who are deprived of touch as children?
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Adults who need to have a lot of sex, make up for lack of touch
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How accurate is haptic discrimination?
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More accurate then visual
Skin cannot process as much, but more accurate |
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What is the Vocal Attractiveness stereotype?
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People w/ attractive voices seen as more powerful, strong, assertive, honest
-People w/ unattractive seen as lazy, timid |
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What increases verbal intimacy?
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Self disclosure
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What is verbal responsiveness?
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accurately responding
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What is relationship talk? how does it affect a relationship?
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promotes turning points
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What is relational language?
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used to set context
"we" instead of "i" nicknames |
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What is Cognitive Valence Theory?
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-How people respond to an increase in intimacy behaviors- explains how relationships get more intimate
-If negative valence in any influence, decrease/rejected |
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What are influences on the Cognitive Valence Theory?
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1. Culture- standards
2. Personal- attitudes towards touch 3. Rewarding- how valuable relationship is 4. Relationship- friends, lovers, etc. 5. Setting- bar, house 6. Temporary States- bad/ good mood |
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What are 3 robust findings in sex differences?
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1. Nonverbal Communication
2. Nonverbal Detection 3. Mating Strategies |
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How does Nonverbal communication differentiate b/wn sexes?
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Women give more positive non-verbals, and smile more
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How does Nonverbal detection differentiate b/wn sexes?
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Women better at expressing/detecting emotion, better decoders
Men better at inhibiting emotion |
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How do Mating Strategies differentiate b/wn sexes?
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Women- greater value on financial resources
Men- health, fertility |
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What is the difference b/wn Strategic and Routine Maintenance behaviors?
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Strategic- more powerful, used in repair
ex. flowers- put thought into these Routine- small talk, increases satisfaction |
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Who uses most maintenance behaviors in cross sex friendships?
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Mutual Romantic friendships
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What are differences in maintenance strategies b/wn romantic couples and friendships?
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Friendship- supportiveness
Both- disclosure, positivity, openness |
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What is the difference in intimacy b/wn men and women?
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Same intimacy, expressed differently
Men- express by tasks Women- express by talking |
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What are some Cross Sex friendship challenges?
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Emotional Bond Challenge
Sexual Challenge Equality Challenge Public Presentation Challenge |
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What is the Emotional Bond Challenge in Cross Sex Friendships?
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Socialized to see each other as potential mates
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What is the Sexual Challenge in Cross Sex Friendships?
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-coping w/ potential sexual attraction
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What is the Equality Challenge in Cross Sex Friendships?
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power differences b/wn men and women
ex. males being promoted b/c of sex, could create conflict |
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What is the Public Presentation Challenge in Cross Sex Friendships?
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how you present yourselves to the outside world
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What are the four types of Same Sex Relationships?
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1. strictly platonic
2. mutual romance 3. desires romance 4. rejects romance |
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What is the Strictly Platonic Same Sex Relationship?
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Niether wants romance
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What is the Mutually Romantic Same Sex Relationship?
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Both want romance
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What is the Desires Romance Same Sex Relationship?
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You want romance, other does not
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What is the Rejects Romance Same Sex Relationship?
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You do not romance, other does
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What are some characteristics of a Long Distance Relationship?
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-as satisfying as proximal relationship
-mediated communication -positivity/avoidance of conflict -hard time adjusting when move back |
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What are advantages to a Long Distance Relationship?
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-career/education advancement
-free time -novelty -chance to grow as individual w/out worrying about relationship |
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What are maintenance strategies for Long Distance Relationships?
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-maintenance
-socialize -find a confidant in same situation -positive thinking |
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What are two ways to think of maintenance?
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1. centrifugal perspective
2. centripetal perspective |
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What is Centrifugal Perspective?
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relationships are hard work
need maintenance, daily, time/effort |
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What is Centripetal Perspective?
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only maintain if something goes wrong
cruise control until something wrong |
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What are barriers to relationship termination?
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Internal Psychological Behaviors
External Psychological Behaviors |
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What are Internal Psychological Behaviors to Relationship Termination?
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Religious beliefs, Moral beliefs, self identity, child, commitment, investments
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What are External Psychological Behaviors to Relationship Termination?
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Financial, mutual possessions, legal, family
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What are the 3 main dialectical tensions?
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1. Integration/Separation- part of group but individual
2. Stability/change- need for security but excitement 3. Expression/privacy- express oneself but need secrets |
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What are dialectical tensions?
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drawn to fulfilling and contradicting needs
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What is Autonomy/Connection? Internal or External? Part of which main dialectical tension?
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Main- Integration/Separation
Internal Autonomy/Connection- desire to be close to partner but an individual |
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What is Inclusion/Seclusion? Internal or External? Part of which main dialectical tension?
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Main- Integration/Separation
External Inclusion/Seclusion- amount of time w/ social network & w/ one another |
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What is Predictability/Novelty? Internal or External? Part of which main dialectical tension?
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Main- Stability/Change
Internal Predictability/Novelty- desire for security w/ partner but need excitement |
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What is Conventionality/Uniqueness? Internal or External? Part of which main dialectical tension?
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Main- Stability/Change
External Conventionality/Uniqueness- desire for relationship to fit social norm but be unique |
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What is Openness/Closeness? Internal or External? Part of which main dialectical tension?
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Main- Expression/Privacy
Internal Openness/Closeness- how much partners tell each other vs. secrets |
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What is Revelation/Concealment? Internal or External? Part of which main dialectical tension?
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Main- Expression/Privacy
External Revelation/Concealment- how much partners tell others about relationship |
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What are Rawlin's dialectic tensions for friendships?
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Independent/Dependent
Expressiveness/Closeness *Judgment/Acceptableness- how much you judge/accept *Affection/Instrumentally- warmth vs. benefits of relationship *Ideal/Real- what ought to be vs. what it is |
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What are ways to deal with Dialectical Tension?
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Selection- chose one side
Separation- valuing one side at different times Neutralization- avoiding full engagement on either side Reframing- changing how you see it |
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What are two types of Separation (as related as Dialectics)?
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Cyclic- cycling b/wn 2 sides of DT
Topical- emphasize different sides based on topic/situation ex. tell everyone good things about partner, but don't tell bad things |
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What are two types of Neutralization (as related as Dialectics)?
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Moderation- strive for middle point
Disqualification- strive to be ambiguous |
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Attachment styles, unlike relationships, are...
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Stable but changeable
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