Comm 101 Exam 1

Front 1

process

Back 1

dynamic interaction, infinit # of variables, no beg. no mid. no end *many variables happening at once

Front 2

structure

Back 2

recognizing process means that saying anything becomes difficult

Front 3

implications

Back 3

whole is greater than the sum of the parts, generalities are meaningless : "it depends" few "absolutes"

Front 4

noise

Back 4

interferance

Front 5

mechanical/technological

Back 5

physically makes it hard to hear
(noise)

Front 6

semantic

Back 6

noise introduced by recievers (emotionally distraction)
(noise)

Front 7

environmental

Back 7

some one jack hammering interferance (noise)

Front 8

gatekeeping

Back 8

the editor (they are not letting some info get to you)

Front 9

feedback

Back 9

letter or comments saying wether or not we like somehting (rating/reports)

Front 10

fidelity

Back 10

degree to which some medium can reproduce some message (the quality of a reproduciton)

Front 11

interpersonal vs. mass communication differences

Back 11

-number of "receivers"
-person vs organization as source
-technologically mediated as source
-easily terminated or not
-interactive/transactional or not

Front 12

denotative

Back 12

dictionary meaning of a word

Front 13

connotative

Back 13

person/emotion meanings tied to a word

Front 14

syntactical

Back 14

meanings that are withing the words (by using other words to figure it out)

Front 15

repetition

Back 15

same message same sensory modality

Front 16

redundancy

Back 16

same message in diff sensory modalities (shown by picture/voice/sound)

Front 17

Whorfian hypothesis

Back 17

if you have a word for it you know it (language determines thought)

Front 18

paralinguistics

Back 18

non-vebal comm. that goes along with verbal comm.

Front 19

proxemics

Back 19

study of space & position(moving chairs in round circle)

Front 20

haptics

Back 20

study of touch

Front 21

kinesics

Back 21

facial expressions/gestures/body movement

Front 22

vidistics

Back 22

study of film

Front 23

non-verbal communication

Back 23

everything other than language- 35-90% of meanings we get from language -not discrete - not cultureal- it usually changes the meaning of conversation

Front 24

John Campbell-

Back 24

Boston Newsletter
(published as he saw it, but asked govt for permission) "published by authority" news could be 6 months late 1704

Front 25

James Franklin-

Back 25

New England Courant
-1721 -published without authority

Front 26

John Peter Zenger

Back 26

said seditious libel against gov. *truth as defense for libel in court

Front 27

Benjamin Day

Back 27

New York Sun - wanted to produce for everyone for $0.01
-printed everything includeing police beat

Front 28

James Gordon Bennett

Back 28

New York Herald
-makes Ben Day's idea work, got good advertisment - good graphics- begain advertising industy

Front 29

Henry Raymond

Back 29

1851- New York Times
-"All the news thats fit to print"

Front 30

Joseph Pulitzer

Back 30

common man support against govt/biz people could identify with this (st. Louis Post Dispatch

Front 31

William Randolph Hearst

Back 31

does same thing as pulitzer, San Francisco Chronicle
-Citizen Kane
-buys a lot of newspapers around

Front 32

Penny Press

Back 32

conditions for mass circulation consumer magazines come into place 1-increased literacy 2-better presses 3-national transportation possibilities 4-better photographic possibilities 5-expanded interest in crime news, biz etc.

Front 33

Yellow Journalism

Back 33

Hearst vs Pulitzer
-use of lavish photos
-hires eachothers guys
-one guy hires others cartoonist

Front 34

Jazz Journalism

Back 34

a time of more fun-ultra sensationalism, reported on divorse/scandal

Front 35

Benjamin Franklin/

Back 35

General Magazine - (at this time someone would have needed to "be well off" to get (buy or read0
-he was first "media mongul" because he had a newspaper and magazine at the same time

Front 36

Media Mongul

Back 36

an example of a very small conglomerate

Front 37

Joseph Dennie/

Back 37

early literary magazine/Portfolio

Front 38

Factors influencing the development of mass circulation magazines

Back 38

1- increased literacy
2- better press
3- national transportation possibilities
4-better photo possiblities
5- expanded interes in crme new, biz etc

Front 39

The “muckraking” era

Back 39

1890-1915
1- ostentatious sympathy for underdog
2-taking on big biz
3-fighting for common man
4-child labor laws, meat packers, standord oil

Front 40

The “muckraking” era
and Ida Tarbell

Back 40

magazine that delt with standard oil

Front 41

Ida Tarbell

Back 41

McClure's mag. delt with standard oil

Front 42

Consumer mag

Back 42

Early 20th century
Henry Luce-Time/Life
Cyris curtiss - Ladies home Journal
Dewitt & Lila Wallace - Readers Digest

Front 43

controlled cerculation

Back 43

build circulation you charge more to advertisors

Front 44

top ten consumer mag

Back 44

-AAA Westways
-Ladies Home Journal
-Womens day
-Family circle
-Good Housekeeping
-National Geographic
-Better homes and Garden
1-Readers Digest
2-AARP Bulletin
3-AARP Mag

Front 45

Dewitt & Lila Wallace -

Back 45

Readers Digest

Front 46

Henry Luce

Back 46

Time/Life

Front 47

Cyrus Curtiss

Back 47

Ladies Home Journal

Front 48

The “Golden Age” of consumer magazines/

Back 48

1930-40s
-A classier circulation battle between Life & Look
-growth/competition
-lower subscriptoin rates/higher ad prices
-better writing/photography/content

Front 49

Magazines’ response to emergence of TV/

Back 49

Target audience- male/female/age/etc
-advertising for women
-retail distribution (mag on store counters)

Front 50

Hertz/

Back 50

early inventors - phisisit

Front 51

Marconi

Back 51

Father of Radio

Front 52

Conrad-KDKA

Back 52

1st commercial radio station -pittsburg 1920

Front 53

Westinghouse

Back 53

was a telephone service, forced to do radio (wanted to sell radio recevers so made radio station

Front 54

American Marconi

Back 54

father of radio (Guglielmo Marconi)

Front 55

at&t + westinghouse+american marconi =

Back 55

RCA in 1919 (owen D Young)

Front 56

toll broadcasting by AT&T

Back 56

work like long distance calling you pay for your time did not work

Front 57

MBS

Back 57

mutual broadcasting system

Front 58

NBC owned ...

Back 58

NBC and ABC

Front 59

UIB owned...

Back 59

CBS

Front 60

NBC forced to divest itself of a network so...

Back 60

1943 NBC became ABC

Front 61

Radio Act of 1912

Back 61

Govt. licensed Broadcasters vic commerce department- did not regulate

Front 62

Zenith vs. USA

Back 62

Hoover tried to stop people from getting licenses - fought that there was no right to deny lisense

Front 63

Federal Radio Act of 1927

Back 63

created the federal radio commission
-justified by the limited numbers of available frequencies
-broadcasters asked for "traffic cop"

Front 64

Communications Act of 1934

Back 64

1- all assumption same as broadcast regulation
2-included telephone & telegraph
3-included section 315
4-federal communications (FCC created)

Front 65

The Blue Book

Back 65

1943- FCC writing to broadcasters on definition
-sustaining/public affairs programs (non-commercial)
-coverage of local issues
-producing local shows
-no excessive advertising (limited ads)

Front 66

public interest, convenience and necessity

Back 66

Industy and govt began to work on this definition = bc many radio people were not obeying by the rules, they were not "serving public"

Front 67

assumptions of broadcast regulation

Back 67

1- airwaves beong to people
2-govt has discretionary power
3-not everyone is eligible for a license
4-equitable distribution of service
5-broadcasting is protected by 1st amendment
6- decisions can be appealed

Front 68

War of the Worlds/Orson Welles/importance

Back 68

1938 - prime time radio The golden age of radio

Front 69

Radio and WW II/Edward R. Murrow

Back 69

Edward = in london reporting on war
-brought entirely different "national mood" toward war... cooperated with governement

Front 70

radio’s response to television’s growth

Back 70

Had to adapt to the challenge by targeting audiences for programming
-emphasis on mobility/portablitiy moved to FM

Front 71

FM radio’s growth

Back 71

by 70s FM radio was booming = AM suffering by 2000 FM started to suffer (mp3s)

Front 72

AM radio’s rebirth

Back 72

by 90s AM radio focused on news, info, sports, talk and boomed

Front 73

two key themes for radios

Back 73

-“change is inevitable”
-”adoption of new technology takes more time than expected”

Front 74

Roget/Zworykin/Farnsworth/Sarnoff

Back 74

TV- pioneers

Front 75

Roget

Back 75

persistence of vision 1800s

Front 76

Zworykin

Back 76

tv tubes prior to 1930

Front 77

Farnsworth

Back 77

scanning

Front 78

Sarnoff

Back 78

president of NBC 1939

Front 79

Sixth Order and Report

Back 79

spectrum reallocation
-had VHF continues (2-13)
-adds UHF added (14-83)
-reserve 10% of channels for education
-adopts the NBC compatible color TV system (1952)

Front 80

freeze

Back 80

1948-1952 because they ran our of licenses bc most frequencies were being used up FCC freeze

Front 81

UHF problems

Back 81

-reception of signal
-strenth of signal bad
-lack of programming
-lack of affiliates
-financial disaster

Front 82

UHF solutions

Back 82

-households and tvs expand
-advertiser interest is immense -cost of ad goes up
-basic program types are "in Place" news as primary source
prime-time vs others