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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Branching G+ rods
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actinomyces isrealii
Nocardia (partially acid fast) |
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Koilocytes
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Squamous epithelial cell with a large dark staining nucleus with a perinuclear halo = HPV
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Negri bodies
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eosinophilic inclusion bodies in nerve cells = RABIES
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Owl eye inclusions
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inclusion bodies in CMV
appearance of nucleus in reed sturenburg cells on hodgkins lymphoma |
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Cowdry bodies
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Herpes
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Koplik spots
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white spots on red mucosa (salt like) = Measles
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Cold agglutanins
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mycoplasma or autoimmune
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syncytia
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large cell filled with cytoplasm and many nuclei. = Paramyxoviruses and Herpes viruses
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Non nitrate to nitrite fermenting intestinal bacteria
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enterococcus
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intracellular bacteria
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Rickettsia and chlamydia
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transmitted by the Ixodes tick
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Borriella burgdorfori, babesia, erlichia
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transmitted by the Dermatacenter tick
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Ricketsia and fransicella tulerensis
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coagulase +
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S. aureus
y.pestis |
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Cat
Feces: Scratches: Bites: |
Feces=Toxoplasma (also undercooked pork is common presentation)
Scratch= Bartenella henslea Bites=Pasteurellla |
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Human Bites and fistfights
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Eikenella
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pleopmorphic rod, needs factors X and V (chocolate agar) or grow with s. Aureus (satellite phenomenon)
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Haemophilus influenza
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42 degree growth in a CO2 incubator. curved rod with polar flagella and responsible for 30% of guillain barre
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Campylobacter
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Meningitis in renal transplant
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Listeria
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Alpha toxin (lecithinase)
nagler reaction in yolk agar |
C. perfringens
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MOA of tetanus toxin
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Binds ganglioside receptors and blocks the inhibitory mediators Glycine and GABA
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Antrax toxin
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three factors
Protective-mediates entry into cells Lethal- kills cells Edema- adenylate cyclase |
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enterococcus
growth media testing patient population |
Esculin agar (turns black) 40% bile and 6.5% NaCl
PYR+ Patients with previously damaged valves |
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Strep Pneumonia
morphology pathogenisis |
Lancet shaped diplococci
lysed by bile has IgA protease and polysaccharide capsule |
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Meningitis by age:
Newborn 3mo-2yr adolescent adults |
Newborn: 1 S. agalactia
2. E-coli 3. listeria 3mo-2yr: H. influenza adolescent: H. influenza adults: s. Pneumo |
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Strep Pyogenes
Patogenesis factors |
M-protein (anti-phagocytic)
Streptolysin o and s Hyluronidase (dissolves CT in flesh eating form) exotoxins (phage encoded) |
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S. Aureus
Growth factors Pathogenesis |
B-hemolytic and manitol salt agar
Patho; Heat stabile enterotoxins TSST-1 coagulase Cytolytic toxin (alpha toxin) Pore forming toxin Exfolatins ( desquamating rash) |
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differential dx for rash on hands and feet
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S.aereus
Treponema P. (syphlis) Riketsia (RMSF) coxacki A |
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Lysteria
growth survival patient pop |
growth= Cold growth
survival= facultative intracellular and able to escape the phagosome before lysomal fusion Meningitis in renal transplant and ca patients |
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C.Diptheria
growth pathogenesis testing |
Black/gray colonies (club shaped) on tellurite media
eEF2 -inhibits protein syn ELEK test |
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Pseudomonas. A
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G- cat+ oxidase + non fermenting rod
Grape odor eEF2 - inhibits protein syn |
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Sub acute endocarditis
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S. viridans group especialy following dental work
or enteroccocus following GI or GU surgery |
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Acute endocarditis
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S. Aureus
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pneumonia with mediastinal hemorrhagic lymphadenitis
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pulmonary anthrax
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rapid onset food poisening 1-6 hours after meal
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S. Aereus or B.cereus(rice)
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Lumpy Jaw ( poor dental hygiene or dental trauma) Or IUDs will see yellow spots (sulfur granules)
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Actinomyces israelii
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Partially acid fast
Cavitary lung lesions, brain abscesses or draining subcutaneus abscess often immunocompromised |
Nocardia,
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leukocyte adhesion deficiency
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absence of CD18
WBCs can't tightly bind to endothelium and can't extravate from the blood. No puss or abscess formation and chronic reccurent infections *Infant doesn't reject umbilical stump |
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Chronic granulomatous dz
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deficency of NADPH oxidase so can't generate superoxide.
recurrent infections with catylase+ organisms. (Staph, Klebsiella, aspergillus) |
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Glucose 6 phosphate deficiency
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looks like Leukocyte adhesion deficiency but will have an associated anemia
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Type 1 hypersensitivity
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IgE response mast cell degranulation (allergies and anaphylaxis)
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Type II hypersensitivity
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Antibody mediated. IgG and IgM against cells or tissue Ags. Phagocytosis and complement fixation leading to macrophage and neutrophil recruitment. AUTOIMMUNE (goodpastures, rheumatic fever, graves ect.)
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Type III Hypersensitivity
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Immune complexes of circulating antigens and antibodies. Systemic dz. (SLE, post strep glomerulonephritis, Arthrus rx-injected protien)
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Type IV hypersensitivity
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Delayed type. TH1 initiated response. PPD test, contact dermatitis, MS, guillain barre, celiac.
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Has IgA protease (3)
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Niesseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae
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cAMP inducers (4)
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ETEC
Vibrio cholerae Bacillus anthracis Bordetella pertussis |
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eEF-2 protein inhibitors (2)
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Pseudomonas and diphtheria
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makes toxin that interferes with 60S ribosome (2)
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Shigella and EHEC
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urease pos. (5)
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think kidney PUNCH
Proteus- struvite staghorn stones ureaplasma nocardia cryptococcus Helicobactor- increases in pH allows for stomach invasion |
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Helicobactor
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G- spiral bacilli with flagella
37 degree growth (microaerophilic) |
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Campylobacter
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G- curved rod with polar flaggela (be able to differnetiate from vibrio) acid resistant grows at 42C. copius bloody diarrhea, may cause Guillain Barre
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Vibrio
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G- curved rod with polar flagella (diferentiate from Campylobacter(
Grow on alkaline medium only. shooting star motility |
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Gastroenteritis with Fever, blood and PMNs in stool ddx
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Campylobacter, Shigella, EIEC, and if no fever EHEC
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lactose fermenters (colored colonies)
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Enterobacter, E-coli, Klebsiella
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Non lactose fermenters
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Shigella and yersinia no H2S
Proteus and Salmonella produce H2S |
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Klebsiella
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G- rod with Large Capsule, catheter related urinary tract infections.
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Shigella
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G- rod non motile but polymerizes actin jet trails to go lateraly from on cell to another. produces shallow ulcers. mild fever with watery diearrhea followed by bloody
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Pseudoappendicitis
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Y. Pestis
Grow in cold |
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Proteus
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swarming motility, staghorn renal calculi
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Weil Felix test
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Proteus and rickettsial cross reaction and agglutination
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Constipation followed by fever and lymphadenopathy
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Salmonella
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Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
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Salmonella
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Recreational water sports (jet skiing) or sewer. Hawaii, flu and gastrointestinal symptoms
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Leptospira (thin spirochete with hooks)
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does not make ATP
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chlamydia
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reticulate body and elementary body
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Chlamydia - reticulate is active replicative form and elementary is inactive infective form
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HIV target receptor
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CCR5 or CXCR4
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EBV target receptor
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CD21 or CR2 of B lymphocyte
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Rabies virus target receptor
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Acetylcholine receptor of neurons
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Rhinovirus target receptor
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ICAM1
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Parvo B19 effects on fetus
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severe anemia
CHF Hydrops fetalis Spontaneous abortion |
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Swimming pool conjunctivitis and hemorrhagic cystitis in boys 5-15
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adenovirus
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Fever headache and blood in CSF
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focal temporal Herpes encephalitis
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CD4 < 200
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Pneumocystis Jiroveci
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CD4 < 100
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Toxoplasma, Histoplasma
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CD4 < 50
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Mycobacterium avium
CMV Cryptococcus |
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HIV lab tests
screening confirmation Viral load infant test disease progressoin |
Screening= ELISA
confirmation= Western Blot Viral load= RT-PCR Infant HIV test= PCR disease progression= T cell ratio |
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#1 for infantile watery diarrhea
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Rota virus
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Latex particle agglutination
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Test for cryptococcus
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