Comd 5070 Week 13 Lecture 2 Speech Aerodynamics

Front 1

Speech Aerodynamics studies what?

Back 1

Measurements of pressure, flow and resistance as they relate to speech production.

Front 2

Aerodynamics in the speech mechanism is?

Back 2

Air pressure and airflow that changes in the larynx in a dynamic fashion during speech production.

Front 3

Our lungs produce _____ ________ which is the driving force of speech.

Back 3

air pressure.

Front 4

When you reduce the size of the lungs you _____ the pressure with in them.

Back 4

increase.

Front 5

The _______ pressure is the Atmospheric pressure.

Back 5

Lower

Front 6

_______ pressure is generated in the Lungs. While the _______pressure is in the atmosphere.

Back 6

higher pressure.

Front 7

Articulation that is accurate relies on controlling pressures and flows in the vocal tract. T/F

Back 7

True

Front 8

An example of an aerodynamic problem with articulation is in _______ _________ where you have _____ ______that are partially atrophied because of neurological damage.

Back 8

flaccid dysarthria
weak muscles.

Front 9

If the vocal folds don't meet at midline very well, this is another case of ______________ issues.

Back 9

Aerodynamic issues.

Front 10

A result of the vocal folds not meeting well at midline can result in a ________ and _______ voice.

Back 10

breathy and weak

Front 11

When a person sounds _______ they loose air too fast and so they are unable to speak for very long.

Back 11

Breathy

Front 12

A larynx that is tightly constricted can also cause and has very high resistance called?

Back 12

muscle tension dysphonia

Front 13

In ___________ ____________ ______ the vocal folds are closed to tightly and caused the flow to be very low.

Back 13

muscle tension dysphonia

Front 14

disordered velopharyngeal function is also an _________ problem.

Back 14

aerodynamic

Front 15

The velum is _____ when it should be _______ in velopharyngeal function disorders.

Back 15

open
closed

Front 16

In velopharyngeal function disorders, the air pressure will leak out through the ______ _______ when it should be impounded in the ______ _______.

Back 16

nasal cavity
oral cavity

Front 17

Pressure is defined as?

Back 17

force per unit area

Front 18

Metric units that also measure pressure used in research is ?

Back 18

pascals or kilopascals.

Front 19

In speech research we use ______ ____ to calibrate our devices.

Back 19

centimeters H20

Front 20

A U tube Manometer uses _________ _____ to measure pressure that is applied in the tube.

Back 20

centimeters H20

Front 21

U tube Manometer can calibrate electronic equipment that we use to measure air pressure. T/F

Back 21

True

Front 22

The U tube Manometer isn't a very good measurement of pressures in speech production because?

Back 22

in speech pressures go up and down extremely rapidly and sometimes by subtle amounts.

Front 23

The U tube Manometer can measure ______ ________ where you apply a constant pressure to it.

Back 23

static pressure

Front 24

For actual recording of pressure during speech production we need to use _______ devices not a U-tube manometer.

Back 24

electrical

Front 25

A pressure transducer is a?

Back 25

small cylindrical unit that has a tube protruding from it.

Front 26

The_______ ________ has a clear polythene tube that extends from the end of the white adapter. And this tube goes into the persons mouth as they speak.

Back 26

pressure transducer

Front 27

The _______ _________will show air pressure inside the mouth as it rises and falls depending on the consonants the person is articulating.

Back 27

pressure transducer

Front 28

The pressure transducer can measure _______ _____ __________ during speech production.

Back 28

intraoral air pressure

Front 29

This pressure transducer is made by a company called.?

Back 29

Glottal Enterprises.

Front 30

The posterior wall of the trachea is common with the _________ wall of the esophagus.

Back 30

anterior

Front 31

the pressure transducer is used to measure ______ and ______ air pressure.

Back 31

intraoral and nasal

Front 32

Pio is what we call _______ _______ which is when you place the tubeing just inside the mouth.

Back 32

intraoral pressure

Front 33

When producing a vowel the intraoral pressure would be the _____ as the atmospheric pressure around the outside of the head.

Back 33

same

Front 34

When you produce a stop consonant, like /t/ or /d/ the pressure would be _____ in the mouth.

Back 34

higher

Front 35

When you have reduced oral air pressures due to velopharyngeal insufficiency, this causes issues with producing ________ correctly.

Back 35

plosives.

Front 36

Phonation that is not strong and consonants that are not sounding nearly as crisp is due to ?

Back 36

pressure insufficiency in the vocal tract

Front 37

When producing a vowel the pressure reading on the graph is equivalent to?

Back 37

zero, and it this case atmospheric pressure.

Front 38

When producing pressure consonants like ________. The pressure _____.

Back 38

stops
rises

Front 39

When producing voiced stops the ______ is in involved in sound production and so the pressure is being used to drive the ____ ____ oscillation.

Back 39

larynx
vocal fold

Front 40

To make a voiceless stop the larynx has to be fully _______.

Back 40

disengaged.

Front 41

Laryngeal devoicing gesture is when?

Back 41

the arytenoid cartlages abduct or open far apart from each other,and teh pressure coming from the lungs is fully available to build up behind the consonant constriction and thus raise the air pressure in the mouth.

Front 42

What disorders reduce pressure peaks?

Back 42

velopharyngeal insufficiency
flaccid dysarthria
respiratory weakness

Front 43

Pressure is _______ for stop consonants.

Back 43

highest

Front 44

Pressure is elevated for ________?

Back 44

fricatives

Front 45

Sub Glottal pressure is abbreviated as?

Back 45

Ps or Psub.

Front 46

Pressure that the lungs provide that goes up the trachea to the larynx is called?

Back 46

Sub Glottal Pressure

Front 47

Sub glottal pressure is the driving pressure for _____________.

Back 47

phonation

Front 48

Sub glottal pressure is difficult to measure directly. T/F

Back 48

True

Front 49

When a hole is made in a person's trachea to measure pressure that procedure is called?

Back 49

tracheal puncture

Front 50

An ___________ ____________ can be swallowed part way down the esophagus to measure pressure.

Back 50

esophageal balloon

Front 51

The posterior trachea and the anterior esophagus share a wall? T/F

Back 51

True

Front 52

Use of the esophageal pressure transducer is used alot today? T/F

Back 52

False It is not used alot today.

Front 53

When does oral pressure equal Psub?

Back 53

This will occure just for a brief instant during production of a /p/ when the person is also producing vowels, so a series of consonant vowel syllables.(papapapa)

Front 54

Laryngeal devoicing gesture is when ?

Back 54

the lip closure for the /p/ production connects the mouth cavity directly to the trachea and the pressure equalized very quickly.

Front 55

Laryngeal devoicing is also called

Back 55

abduction of the vocal folds or the vocal folds are apart.

Front 56

During laryngeal devoicing there is no pressure drop at the larynx because it's _____________.

Back 56

voiceless

Front 57

The estimated subglottic pressure from the oral pressure measurement cooresponded very closely to the pressure that was directly measured from the trachea. t/F

Back 57

True

Front 58

When you look at a waveform, you see airflow when a _____ is being produced and you don't see airflow when a _________ __________ occurs.

Back 58

Vowel
Consonant Constriction

Front 59

Wide band airflow is very sensitive to rapid changes in airflow as the focal folds open and close. T/F

Back 59

True

Front 60

The wide band signal is like a _______ signal because where it is thicker the amplitude is greater and where it is thinner the amplitude is less.

Back 60

microphone

Front 61

Air pressure is higher or lower when a vowel is being produced?

Back 61

lower. The air pressure is at a minimum during the vowel because the mouth is open and the air pressure is equalized between the oral cavity and the atmosphere around the speaker.