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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give examples of what caregivers interpret as communication from a child
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• Different cries for hunger, pain, anger
• Facial expressions • Eye gaze, mutual eye gaze, gaze coupling, deictic gaze • Limb movement, mouth movements (e.g., smiling) |
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Define Intentionality and give examples
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• Any communicative act that an individual engages in purposefully with volition
• Criteria for intentionality • Deliberate use of eye contact during behavior • Consistent behavior and ritualized behavior • Pauses after behavior to wait for a response • Persistence of behavior when not understood |
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When is the Perlocutionary stage and what happens during it?
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0-8mo
• Attends to and responds to stimuli • Intention inferred by adult • No goal awareness • Shows self |
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When is the Illocutionary stage and what happens during it?
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8-12mo
• True intentional behavior • Emergence of intentional communication • Shows objects and displays range of gestures • Gestures are accompanied by eye contact • Consistent vocal patterns – protowords |
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When is the Locutionary stage and what happens during it?
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12mo+
• Words accompany and replace gestures |
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At which stage does "true intentional behavior" begin?
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The Illocutionary stage
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what is the Illocution element of speech?
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The desired intent of a message to be conveyed by the speaker
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what is the Locution element of speech?
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The actual form of the utterance that was expressed to achieved speakers desired intent
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what is the Perlocution element of speech?
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the effect that the message had and the listeners interpretation of the speakers intent
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Give the names and ages for the 5 Babbling stages
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Stage 1 - Reflexive 0-2mo
Stage 2 - Cooing/laughter 2-4mo Stage 3 - Vocal Play 4-6mo (no consonant sounds) Stage 4 - Canonical Babbling 6mo+ Stage 5 - Jargon 10mo+ |
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Explain the Variegated form of Canonical Babbling and give an example
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Adjacent and successive syllables that are not identical
Follow the (consonant,vowell,C,V,C,V, etc) example - Bagidabu |
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Explain the Reduplicative form of Canonical Babbling and give examples
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A simple form of babbling, also follows form CVCVCV but the syllables are identical (unlike variegated)
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What does the Continuity Hypothesis say about the relation between babbling and speech?
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Children start with ability to produce all sounds but reinforcement reduces set (behaviorist/skinner)
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What does the Discontinuity Hypothesis say about the relation between babbling and speech?
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silent period marks the change. Babbling and talking are not related. Development of language follows an inborn program
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What does the Cognitive or problem-solving approach say about the relation between babbling and speech?
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Child is actively trying to solve problems: how to talk like the people around her.
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What are some of the earlier sounds children produce?
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/b/ /m/
/d/ /n/ /g/ |
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What are Substantive words? Examples.
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Words that name objects and people - cup, juice, shoe, mommy
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What are Relational words? Examples.
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Words that describe relationships, characteristics among objects, existence, disappearance, rejection, etc
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What are social words?
Examples. |
Situational words, hi, nite-nite, bye
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List the 8 semantic relations expressed in early 2-morpheme utterance, and give examples of each.
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agent+action - mommy come
action+object - drive car agent+object - mommy sock action+location - sit chair entity+location - cup table posessor+posession - my teddy entity+attribute - box shiny demonstrative+entity - dat money |
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There are three stages of Negation. What is the 1st? Example.
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Negation is expressed alone or outside of sentence. Sometimes referred to as contrastive negation. Not true syntactic negation because it doesn't place within utterance.
ex - no, go car no, mommy do it |
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There are three stages of Negation. What is the 2nd? Example.
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Negation is expressed inside of sentence but auxiliary is missing. Brown’s stage III.
I no like it. I no want book. Don't go. |
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There are three stages of Negation. What is the 3rd? Example.
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Negation is expressed inside of sentence with auxiliary. Not fully mastered until Brown’s stage V or an MLU of 4.50+.
I don’t want to go. I can’t do it. I’m not sad. |
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What are the three types of very early negation? Examples.
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1. nonexistence - ‘no cake’
2. rejection - ‘no wash hair’ (no + sentence) 3. denial - ‘not daddy’ or ‘no daddy’ (denial of truth – internal no) |
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What are the six narrative stages?
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Heaps 2-3yo: Collection of unrelated ideas
Sequences: Recurring theme without specific order Primitive Narratives 3-5yo: Main theme requires child to interpret or predict Unfocused Chains3-5yo: No central character or topic; events linked in logical or cause-effect relationship Focused Chains 5-8yo: Central character and true sequence of events; listener must interpret ending True Narratives 9yo: True plot; character development, and sequence; presented problem resolved in the end. |
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Define Metalinguistics, example, age.
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The ability to think about language as an object and being able to play with language
• "I have a frog in my throat" 7-8yo |
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How can caregivers promote literacy?
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• A variety of print materials at home
• Writing tools • Pens, markers, painting, crayons, etc • Being responsive to reading and writing attempts • Integrate reading and writing into activities • Adult-child storybook reading with dialogue btw child and caregiver |
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In the school years, whats the focus of Kindergarten?
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• Focus on oral language skills…listening and speaking and their influence on reading and writing
• Print recognition, sounding out words, writing, and reading • Kids get accustomed to formal group instruction |
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In the school years, whats the focus of first - third grade?
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• Focus on reading and writing, listening and speaking
• Shift from auditory-oral to visual-graphic • Dictating stories to writing their own stories • Spelling vocabularies • Reading comprehension skills |
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For the school years, what is the focus of 4th - 6th grades?
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• Shift from building skills in the auditory-oral and visual-graphic systems to using language to acquire content-area information
• Start to learn thru class discussions, lectures, and demonstration • Report writing |
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For the school years, what is the focus of the secondary grades (middle school +)?
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• Lecture is primary means of instruction
• Need to take written notes in class • Different teachers for every class • Learning content and demonstrating acquired knowledge • Emphasis on writing |
