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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The first order neuron is associated with the ______ _______ in the _______ __ ______ and has projections to the ________ and _________ cochlear nuclei.
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hair cells
organ of corti dorsal ventral |
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There is a succession of at least _____ neurons between the ________ and cerebral cortex.
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four
cochlea |
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The neurons at the level of the ________ _________are called first order neurons. They all terminate in the ________ nuclei where they synapse with ___________ _________ ________.
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spiral ganglion
cochlear second order neurons |
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The central processes of the spiral ganglion pass to the _____ of the _________ where they form the _________ branch of the auditory nerve. The most apical fibers follow a ________ _______ and form the _______ of the nerve, while the basal fibers are added in a __________ ________ to form the __________ of the nerve.
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core
modiolus cochlear straight course core twisted fashion periphery |
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The high frequency fibers are most ___________ and _________ to trauma, while the more essential for __________ ____________, the lower frequency fibers are somewhat _________.
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exposed
subjected speech reception protected |
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As the cochlear nerve enters the internal auditory meatus, it is joined by the _____ divisions of the ________ nerve to complete the ________ _______, which lies in close proximity to the _______ _______.
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two
vestibular auditory nerve facial nerve |
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The auditory nerve is quite ________, only about ___ mm in length. It enters the ___________ __________ laterally at the level of the lower ______ where the cochlear _________ courses directly to the to the cochlear ________ where it divides into ___ branches.
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short
5 medulla oblongata pons bundle nucleus |
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One branch of the auditory nerve descends to the ________ part of the nucleus and the other ascends to the _________ cochlear nucleus. The fibers of both branches __________ in synapses with _________ order neurons of the cochlear nuclei.
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dorsal
ventral terminate second |
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The first order neuron has a ______ ______, and a ___________ and _____ extension. The collection of nerve cell bodies is called the _________ ________. The ________ ___ _____________ is the tract of all the spiral ganglion that circle around from the base to the apex of the cochlea.
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cell body
dendrite axon spiral ganglion Canal of Rosenthal |
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The perforate habenula (between the two lips of of the OSL) has a ___________ ____________ _____________ coming through it which extends up to terminate at the base of the ______ _____.
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peripheral dendritic extension
hair cell |
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The dendritic extensions may __________ a number of hair cells, and each hair cell may have _______ _____ ____peripheral dendritic extension at its ______. The hair cell is the most _____________ located sense organ for _______.
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contact
more than one base peripherally hearing |
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The _________ _______ __________ is called central because it is moving toward the ________ _______ or cortex. The nerve fibers exit the _______ _________ of the cochlea through the __________ at the base, and then they project either into the ___________ cochlear nucleus or the __________ cochlear nucleus in the brain stem.
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central axonal extension
brain stem bony capsule modiolus ventral dorsal |
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Each nerve cell gives rise to what 2 processes?
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1. A central axonal extension that terminates in the cochlear nucleus of the brain stem.
2. A peripheral dendritic extension that terminates at the base of the hair cells. |
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The ___________ _______ pass mostly in small bundles through _________ between the plates of the spiral lamina and enter the _______ _________ through small perforations on the spiral lamina (habenula perforata) where they ________ shed their ________. About ___ brave nerve fibers enter the spiral organ.
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peripheral fibers
channels spiral organ abruptly shed 30 |
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Any one neuron supplies ____ IHC, but any single hair cell is supplied by about ___ neurons. This means that the IHCs are represented ________ ___ ________ in the cochlear nuclei. This ________________ arrangement tells us that the BM, the IHCs, and the neurons that supply them constitute a ____________ __________ sensory system.
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one
8 point for point tonotopographical frequency dependent |
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The fibers coming from the apex of the cochlea descend though the core of the ___________ and exit through the _________ __________. The fibers coming from the base of the cochlea descend through the modiolus and exit through the __________ ___________.
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modiolus
foramen centrale tractus spiralus |
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The apical fibers tend to be in the _________ ________ of the 8th nerve, the fibers coming from the base tend to be around the ___________.
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middle core
periphery |
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Remember that _____ frequencies stimulate the apical end of the cochlea, so fibers stimulating low frequencies are in the _____ and high frequencies are around the ____________.
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low
core periphery |
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The 8th nerve trunk is __________ because the nerve develops before the _________ in the embryo. So the cochlea develops from the ______ to the ________ in a ___________ fashion, which drags the nerve fibers behind it and ________ them also.
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twisted
cochlea base apex twisting twists |
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The two branches of the vestibular nerve enter the ____________ _________ __________ at the ________ where it turns.
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internal auditory meatus
corner |
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The 8th nerve enters the brain stem at the _________ _________ laterally at the level of the ________ _______.
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medulla oblongata
lower pons |
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As the 8th nerve ascends from the lower pons up to the CNS/auditory cortex and temporal lobe, the ____ and ____ order nerve fibers end below the _________ ___ _________ in the cortex.
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4th
5th Fissure of Sylvius |
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What is it called if the nerve fibers that go from the spiral ganglion to the auditory cortex stay on the same side?
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ipsilateral route
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What is it called if the nerve fibers that go from the spiral ganglion to the auditory cortex cross to the other side?
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contralateral route
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There are more fibers ascending via the _____________ route. So the right ear is represented in the ______ brain by more fibers, the left ear is represented in the _______ brain by a greater ____________ neural tract.
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contralateral
left right ascending |
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The strongest auditory tract is from the _____ ______ to the _______. All of the ___________ associated with the CANS is _____ __________ (moving from hair cell to brain),t here is an __________ tract, which descends from the cortex down to the hair cells.
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hair cells
cortex neurology not afferent efferent |
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____% of the total auditory tract is afferent. Most (____-____%) of the afferent fibers (going to brain) begin from the bases of the ______. Most (___-___%) of the efferent fibers connect to the base of the ______.
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98
80-95 IHCs 85-95 OHCs |
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On the OHC an afferent and efferent fiber connect directly to the _____. On the IHC, the efferent fiber does not connect directly to the ______ ______ but instead it connects to the _________ ______.
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base
cell base afferent fiber |
