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238 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 parts of inner ear in order from posterior to anterior
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Semi Circular Canals (SCC)
Vestibule Cochlea |
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Which part(s) are repsonsible for hearing?
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cochlea
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Which part(s) are responsible for balance?
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SCC and vestibule
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2 types of labyrinths for each divisionn (SCC, Vestibule and Cochlea)?
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Osseous and Membraneous
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The ______ is a system of canals and cavities within the dense ______ portion of the temporal _______ .
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osseous labyrinth, petrous, bone
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The _____ is a series of communicating _______ sacs and ducts within the ______ labyrinth.
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membraneous, membranous, osseous
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When do these structures become full size?
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middle of fetal life
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Name, in order from outer to inner the tubes and spaces of the labyrinths
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Bone, perilymphatic space, membraneous, endolymphatic space
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The ______ is filled with perilymph and is between the bone and membraneous labryinth
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perilymphatic space
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The _______ is filled with endolymph and is located inside the membraneous tube.
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endolymphatic space
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What is the surface of the boney canal *covered* with?
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fibrous membrane
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Attached to the fibrous membrane located on the boney canal, is the _______ ________ ________. This secretes _______.
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perilymphatic epithelium membrane, perilymph
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Name in order the labyrinth structures and fluids...from outer to inner
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bone, perilyphatic space, perilymph fluid, membraneous, endolyphatic space, filled with endolyphatic fluid
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Coiled up on itself is the _______ and behind that is the ____ nerve that carries infor up to the higher auditory pathways.
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cochlea, 8th
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How many semicircular canals and what are their names?
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3, Superior, Posterior and Lateral
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Which SCC opens into the the vestibule on both ends?
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lateral
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The superior and posterior SCC share an opening into the vestibule called the ______ ________. The other ends open into the ______ as well.
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Common Cruz, vestibule.
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There are __ SCCs with __ openings into the vestibule
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3, 5 (since one opening is shared by the common cruz)
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What is in the tympanic wall of the vetibule?
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oval window
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The osseous vestibule - describe (measurements, shape, and forms what)
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oval in shape
5 mm ant - post 3 mm deep forms the central portion portion of the boney labyrinth |
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The osseous vestibule lateral wall contains the:
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oval window (also known as the tympanic wall)
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The ossesous vestibule medial wall contains what
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small perforations with 3 recesses
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What are the four features of the ossesous vestibule? (think recesses)
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Pyramid of the Vestibule
Vestibular Crest Elliptical Recess Spherical Recess |
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What separates the Pyramid of the Vestibule fomr the 2 recesses?
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Vestibular Crest
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What recess is on top of the osseous vestibule?
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pyramid
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Name the 2 lower recesses in order of posterior to anterior
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elliptical, spherical
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What houses the utricle?
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the elliptical recess in the ossesou vestibule
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what houses the saccule?
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the spherical recess in the ossesou vestibule
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the ossesou SCC are located?
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posterior area of the boney labyrinth
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The osseous SCC open into the ______
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vestibule
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Each osseous SCC is about ___ of a circle and contains what? and which occupies __ of the ossesou duct.
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2/3, membraneous duct, 1/4
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How many ampullas are there and where are they?
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3, at the end of each canal where it joins the vestibule
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What is an ampulla
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a dilation
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Describe the lateral SCC - how does it sit?
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sits at a 30 degree angle to the horizontal
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The lateral SCC canal - where does it go?
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ampullary anterior end goes into upper vestibule and the posterior end goes into the lower vestibule
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The Superior SCC where does it go into the vestibule?
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antereo-lateral end is ampulated and joins the upper vestibule
the posterior medial end fuses with the superior limb of the posterior canal to form the CRIS COMMUNE/common cruz |
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The posterior SCC - where does it goe into the vestibule?
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The upper limb fuses with the Superior SCC to from the CRIS COMMUNE/common cruz
The lower ampulated limb opens into the lower vestibule |
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The osseous cochlea is located where?
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anterior end of the boney labyrinth
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Describe the ossesou cochlea (shape, and turns)
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snail like, coiled up on itself 2 and 5/8 turns
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The center or hub of the ossesous cochlea is called the _____
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modiolus
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the ______ is a spiral crest of bone that projects into the _____ of the tube within the ossesous cochlea
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ossesous spiral lamina, lumen
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Describe the OSL
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like a flange of a screw.
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what does the OSL do?
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divides partially the opening of the cochlea tube into two ducts
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what are the two ducts that the OSL divides?
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inside the cochlea, the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani
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what does scala mean
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stairs
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which duct is higher inside the cochlea? the tympani or vestibuli?
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vestibuli
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where does the OSL finally dissapear whichs allows for what?
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at the apex or cupola of the cochlea tube
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when the boney shelves of the OSL disappear this allows for what?
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communication between the scala tympani and scala vestibuli
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what is the opening called - where the scala tympani and scala vestibuli opens inside the cochlea?
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the heliocotrema (helio = coil, trema = hole)
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what is the axis in which the cochlea spirals and turns?
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modiolus
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What are the cochlea measurements?
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width base - 9 mm
base to apex of cochlea - 5 mm total tube length if uncoiled? 35 mm - in general, round and squatty |
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what is the large opening in the center of the vase of the cochlea called?
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foramen centrale
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what passes through the foramen centrale and where do they go?
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never fibers from the apex of the cochlea.
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Nerves from the base of the cochlea pass through a little tract on the periphery called the _____ _____ _______.
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tractus spiralus foramina
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So little holes from the base of the cochlea go up and hold nerves. and big hole from the apex of the cochlea goes down. t/f and what are they called?
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foramen centrale - apex (goes down) and tractus spiralus foramina (goes up)
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The OSL really has __ shelves of bone with an opening between them called the ____ ____
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2, perforate habenula
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Where does the acoustic nerve form the sensory cells run in the cochlea
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through the perforate habenula
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What is the upper and lower shelf of the OSL called?
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vestibular lip, tympanic lip
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The core of the cochlea called the _____ is also ______ so that nerves can get out
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modiolus, porous
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The OSL projects into the ____ or opening of the cochlear tube
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lumen
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The ____ _____ ____ is the passageway in the bone which will carry the auditory nerve inform from the cochlea to the cortex.
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internal auditory meatus
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The OSL is largest at teh ____ of the cochlea and gets smaller at the _____. It also projects ____ into the tube as it reaches the ____
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base, apex, less, apex
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The OSL and Basilar Membrane have an ______ relationship
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inverse
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_______ which is inside the membrane and is carried out by the ______ _____ which goes into the _____ ____ and then goes into the dura mater of the brain
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endolymph, endolymphatic duct, endolymphatic sac,
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_____ which is in between the bone and membrane labyrinth travels through the ______ _____ and ____ ____ to the CSF
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perilymph, arachoid space and cochlear aqueduct
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Remember that most of the inner is made up of a ______ duct that is floating inside of a _____ duct. To support the boney walls of the osseous canals there are ____ __ ______ ______.
However, mostly present in the ____, there is no need for it in the _____ |
membraneous, osseous, bundles of connective tissue, SCC, cochlea. (as you move toward cochlea, less and less in vestibule).
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Which SCC is the lowest?
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lateral
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Each SCC opens into the _____
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utricle
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The 2 bulbous structures in the center of (vestibule) are the:
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utricle and saccule
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At the bottom of the saccule ther eis a little tube that runs down into the cochlea called the ____ ______
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canal reuniens
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The canal reuniens carries ____ into the cochlea from the saccule
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endolymph
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The nerve trunk comes off the back of the _____ and is the _____ nerve
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cochlea, cochlear
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The _______ nerve comes off the SCC and the back of the utricle and saccule.
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vestibular
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the ______ and ____ nerve combine into the 8th cranial nerve (acoustic nerve).
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cochlear, vestibular
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What is described as a large paddle posterior to the vestibule? (remember the 'handle' part)
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endolymphatic sac with the endolyphatic duct going into it
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The membraneous vestibule is a ______ system.
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static (no movement or change)
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The SCCs work on a ______ system
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dynamic/kinetic
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The sense organs in the ______ give us a sense of our position, and perception of our position and space on a VERTICAL plane.
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vestibule
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The sense organs in the vestibule give us a sense of postion while we are moving or not?
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not moving
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The ossesou vestibule contains ___ sacs
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2
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What are the 2 sacs in the ossesous vestibule?
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utricle and saccule
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The ___ fits into the spherical recess of the ossesous vestibule near the opening of the _____ ____ of the cochlea
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saccule, scala vestibuli
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The ____ fits into the elliptical recess of the ossesous vestibule
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utricle
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Which is larger the utricle or saccule?
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utricle
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What ducts combine to form the endolymphatic duct?
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utricle and saccule
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The endolyphatic duct joins/becomes the ______ ____
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endolymphatic sac
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Where does teh endolymphatic sac sit?
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in the dura lining of the brain
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The vestibular aqueduct houses the ______
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endolyphatic duct
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The _____ ____ joins the saccule and cochlea
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canal reuniens
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The sac is normally filled with _____ for ________ regulation
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endolymph, endolymphatic
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Individual nerves come off the cochlear base and they continue to come off the top as the ______ nerve
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cochlear
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3 SCC the ampullas have ____ ____
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nerve tufts
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These nerve tufts coming out of the ampullas of the SCCs are _______ ______
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sensory organs
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Nerve tufts come out of the ampulla of the SCCs as well as the ____ and _____
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utricle and saccule
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All of the nerve tufts are part of the _____ nerve which is going to send balance info to the brain
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vestibular
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Macula is latin for
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spot
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The ______ are small areas/sense organs within the wall of the utricle and saccule
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maculae
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At the base of the macula is a bed of
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epithelial cells
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Sensory ____ cells are embedded in the epithelial base of the macula
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hair
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When the sensory hair cells of the macula are stimulated - what happens?
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neural activity is initiated and sent off to the brain
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The macula respond to ______ _______ and ______ movement of the head.
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linear forward, sideways
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On top of the hair cells within the macula, is a _______ mass
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gelatinous
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The gelatinous mass within the macula has a density just _____ than the endolymph it is floating in
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greater (so it won't crush the hair cells)
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It is the _____ ___that stimulates the hair cells in the macula
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gelatinous mass
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The hair cell inside the macula up close has a sensory cell row of ______ hairs and a coarse hair on the side called the _______
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sterocilia, kenocilium
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The top of the hair cells touch the _____ of the gelatinous mass inside the macula.
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bottom
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If you tilted the macula, the gelatinous mass would slide, the hair cells would bend and then what would happen
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a signal would be sent to the CNS. (Electrical impulse of the hair is sent out to the base along the nerve fiber to the CNS)
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Within the macula's gelatinous mass, there are _________ _______ ______ aka ______
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calcium carbonate crystals, otoliths
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Otoliths assist the movement of the gelatinous mass found in the macula by the use of _______ forces
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gravitational
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Membraneous SCC ampulla has a highly developed ciliated sensory cell called the ____ _______.
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CRISTA AMPULARIS
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Remember the CRISTA AMPULLARIS is coming off the SCC and into the _____
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ampula, this area also has the membrane and connective tissue holding the membrane away from teh boney wall
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inside the membrane is the ________ and between the membrane and bone is the ______
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endolymph, perilymph
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The membranouse SCC is somewhat similar to the membraneous ______
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vestibule
(hair cells with supporting cells beneath, nerve fibers coming off the base and exiting little perforations in the bone to become part of the vestibular nerve. |
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on top of the hair cells inside the SCC is a gelatinous mass called the ______ _______ (on top of crista ampularis)
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gelatinous cupola
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The SCC is a ______ system
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dynamic/kinetic
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The SCC operates undedr conditions of ____ and ____
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acceleration, decellaration (inertia)
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When you move your head, the endolyph has a tendency to move in the ______ direction of the Crista Ampularrais.
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opposite, due to inertia (cookie sheet example)
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Inside the membraneous SCC the endolymph disturbs the _____ cells which do what and which nerve?
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hair, send a neural response to the vestibular nerve branch
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How is the lateral SCC stimulated?
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moving head on the horizontal plane
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How is the posterior SCC stimulated?
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moving head up and down on vertical plane
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How is the Superior SCC stimulated?
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moving head from ear to ear
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Name the tissues in order from outer to inner inside the SCC
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bone, connective tissue, perilymph, membrane, endolymph
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Endolymph has more _______ than Perilymph, but Perilymph has more ____ than endolymph
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potassium(K), sodium (Na)
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Name in order where the endolypmph travels
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endolyphatic duct, dura mater of brain, CNS
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Name in order where the perilymph travels
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cochlear aqueduct to teh archanoid space to the CSF to the CNS
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The scala media is AKA
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the endolymphatic space
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the scala tympani communicaates to the _____ ___ via the ____ ____
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middle ear, round window
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The Endoyphatic Space is AKA as 3 other names
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scala media, membraneous cochlea, cochlear duct
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The ossesous cochlea is divided by the
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OSL
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The OSL is a narrow shelf of bone that arises from the ______ side of the cochlea
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modiolar
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The division of the cochlea is completed by the
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membraneous cochlea or scala media
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is a spirally arranged tube that lies along the outer wall of the ossesous cochlea.
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the scala media
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the scala media is ___ mm and is in between the _____ _____ and the _____ ______
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34, scala vestbuli, scala tympani
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The cochlea tube sections (3)
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scala vestbuli, scala media, scala tympani
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what is the floor of the scala media
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basilar membrane
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what is the roof of the scala media?
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reissners membrane
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The basilar membrane goes from the ____ to the _____
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OSL, to the outer cochlear wall
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reissners membrane goes from the ______ to the _______ ____ _____
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superior spiral lamina, superior stria vascularis
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The outside wall of the cochlea has a ligament...
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spiral
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The _____ _____ runs the length of the cochlear tube and projects inward to form a point called the ____ ____
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spiral ligament, basilar crest
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The _____ _____ connects to the basilar crest of the spiral ligament
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basilar membrane
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The _____ _____ extends from the tympanic lip of the OSL to the basilar crest of the spiral ligament
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basilar membrane
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The basilar membrane forms a fibrous layer that serves as a footing for the spiral organ...aka as?
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organ of corti
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The portion of the basilar membrane that is closest to the spiral lamina is _____ and _____ (description)
and is called the _____ zone or ____ |
thin, fragile, arcuate or pars tecta (roof)
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The tympanic surface of the basilar membrane is covered by a layer of ______ , which ______ tissue coarses.
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mesothelium, vascular
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The largest of the vascular tissue that coarses through the mesothelium layer on the tympanic surface of the basilar membrane is the
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vas spirale
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The innermost part of the basilar membrane is located near the _____ and is known as the _____ zone
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spiral lamina, arcuate
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The outermost part of the basilar membrane is _____ and _____ and is located near the ______ _______.
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thicker, rigid, spiral ligament
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the outermost part of the basilar membrane is aka the ______ ______ and consists of # ____ (type) of layers
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pectinate portion (comb like), 2, fibrous
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The Basilar Membrane is composed of (3)
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base of connective tissue
transverse fibers tympanic surface (vascular covering) - vas spirale |
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The transverse fibers of the BM are on top of the ______________
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base of connective tissue
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the transverse fibers of the BM are _____ to the axis of the cochlear duct and have about # of these fibers
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perpendicular (washboard like), 24,000
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The underneath side of the BM faces the scala tympani is the _____ covering. Right in the center of the this is a large vessel called the ____ _____
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vascular, vas spirale
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in 1938, Weaver reported that the BM was .08 mm at the base, and .5 mm at the apex
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True
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in 1918, Keith reported that the BM was .16 mm at the base and .52 at the apex
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true
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The greatest width of the BM is at the _____
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apex
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the least width of the BM is at the ______
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base
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The baseof the OSL projected further into the ossesous spiral tube and became less at the apex....which is the ____ of the BM
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REVERSE
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The BM has no ____, and the stiffness ratio from the base to the apex is:
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tension, 100:1
meaning the base is stiffer than the apex |
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The spiral lamina is a what?
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a spiral plate, narrow shelf of bone at the apical end of the cochlear duct and becomes wider at the basal end.
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What consists of 2 plates of bones, between which are canslas for the transmission of peripheral fibers of the auditory nerve
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ossesous spiral lamina
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The upper layer of bone of the OSL is continuous with
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the spiral limbus
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the spiral limbus is _____ at its outer edge, which forms the ______ _____ _____ and gives rise to the ____ ____ and the lower part called the ____ ____
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concave, internal spiral sulcus, vestibular lip, tympanic lip
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the _____ ___ has a serrated appearance (auditory teeth)
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vestibular
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The ____ ____ are specialized cells that run along the margin of the spiral ligament towards _____ ______
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strias vascularis, reissner's membrane
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The _____ ______ cells function differently than the supporting cells within the cochlea.
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strias vascularis
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the ____ ______ is a group of nerve cells that travel through the habenula perforata
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spiral ganglion
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The collection of cells within the Scala Media is called the
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Organ of Corti
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There are supporting cells in the Organ of Corti are a collection of very unique cells, each being very _____
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distinct
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The supporting cells inside the Organ of Corti have no _____ function, they are there for ___ and _____ _____
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sensory, support and functional purposes
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The ____ ___ _____ is a collection of specialized cells brought together to accomplish a specific function
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organ of corti
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Inside the cochlear duct, the stapes fits into the vestibule and sound waves push onto _____ _____ which affects ____ ______ and energy is released into the ____ _____ and up to the __________ and then down to the _______ _______ where the ______ ______ is distended.
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reissner's membrane, basilar membrane, scala vestibuli, heliocotrema, scala tympani, round window
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Low frequencies come out through the ___ of the scala media
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apex
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High frequencies come out through the scala media to the scala tympani into the middle ear close to the ___ of the cochlea
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base
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The stria vascularis secrete?
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endolymph fluid
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The ____ ____ is in the lower portion of the scala media and sits on the vestibular lip of the OSL
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spiral limbus
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What is the thickened periosteum that narrows as it extends towards the tectorial membrane?
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spiral limbus
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limbus means
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border or edge
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The cochlear duct has 5 spaces that are filled with fluid
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inner sulcus
inner tunnel of corti space of nuel outer tunnel outer spiral sulcus |
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There are unique specialized cells in the cochlear duct (cross section)...starting with the spiral limbus to the spiral ligament (9)
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border cells of held
inner phalangeal cells inner hair cell inner rod of corti outer rod of corti outer phalangeal cells (deiters) outer hair cell cells of henson cells of claudius |
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The rods of corti AKA _____ and have 2 sets: ____ and _____
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pillars of corti, inner and outer
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inner rods of corti are closest to the ____ ____ and the outer rods are closest to the ___ _____
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spiral limbus, spiral ligament
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The 'pillars' of corti are like a stack of ?
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dominoes - with a row one behind the other
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The border cells of held are what tissue type and cover what?
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epithelial that cover the vestibular lip
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the border cells of held are _____ cells for the ____ hair cells and line the ____ ____ ___
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support, inner, inner spiral sulcus
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which supporting cells of the Organ of Corti are flat and multisided?
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border cells of held
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The inner phalangeal cell has __ parts:_____ and _____
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2, body/base and phalangeal process
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the body/base of the inner phalangeal cell extends to the _____ limit of the ____ cell
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lower, hair (so at the base of the hair cell is the body of the inner phalangeal cell)
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The phalangeal process of the inner phalangeal cell begins at the ___ of the hair cell and extends all the way to the top or apex of the ____ cells
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base, hair
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There is a ____ at the apex of the phalangeal process of the inner phalangeal cell
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lamella (plate or leaf-like)
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Inner phalangeal cells are NOT associated with ____ like the outer phalangeal cells
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deiter
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The inner rod of corti is right after the inner phalangeal cells (t/f)
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TRUE
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The rods are ____ cells and ___ spaced and converge at the ___
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supporting, widely, top
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The triangular space between the rods of corti is called _____ and is filled with this fluid: _____
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inner tunnel of corti, cortilymph
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The ____ of the inner tunnel of corti is formed by the bases of the rods and the basilar membrane
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floor
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The outer rods base rests on the outer limit of the _____ ____ of the BM
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arcuate zone
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The outer phalangeal cells are AKA and are __ rows of phalangeal cells
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deiter's cells, 3
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The outer phalangeal cells are similar but NOT exact to the _____ _____ ____
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inner phalangeal cells
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The membrane called the ____ ____ is a like a loosely woven piece of fabric.
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reticular lamina
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reticular means
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netlike
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The _____ _____ is between the heads of the phalanges(rods) of Corti and the tectorial membrane
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recticular lamina
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The _____ _____ is composed of inner phalange, headplates of inner rods, the phalangeal processes of the outer rods and the deiters cells
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reticular laminia
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The pupose of the reticular lamina is to
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lend support to the tops/apexes of the outer hair cells.
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The tufts of cilia occupy the spaces in the ____ _____ and project beyond it toward the tectorial membrane.
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reticular laminia (net like matrix)
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The _________ and the _______ form the base of the outer tunnel or the external spiral sulcus
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cells of hensen and cells of claudius
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The _______ _____ is the gelatinous mass of the cochlea
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tectorial membrane
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The tectorial membrane area is submerged into fluid and has a density just slightly ____ that the fuild it is in.
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higher
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The tectorial membrane runs over the top of the supporting cells in the organ of corti and terminates near the ____ __ ____
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cells of hensen
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The sensory cells of the Organ of Corti are:
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inner and outer hair cells
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The is ___ row of inner hair cells and ___ rows of outer hair cells in the organ of corti
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1, 3 - (outer are cylinder in shape)
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The ____ hair cells are strongly supported at their bases by the bodies phalangeal cells and at their apexes by the phalangeal processes
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inner
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The ____ ___ ____ are made of epithelial cells, have a slit like space between them wich allow _____ to circulate and nerve fibers to pass through
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rods of corti, endolymph
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The inner hair cell is placed in the _______ formed by the base of the ___ ___ ___
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cup, inner phalangeal cell
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The outer hair cells are placed in the ____ of the _____ ____ ___
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bases, outer phalangeal cell
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The ___ __ _____ are at the apex of the hair cells and are in contact with the ____ _____
(inside the Scala Media) |
tufts of cilia, tectorial membrane
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The rods/pillars fit together like a ___ ___ with the inner rod having a longer roof
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puzzle piece, inner
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What would run from somewhere near the top of the inner hair cell over the headplates fo the pillars of corti and inner hair cells out to the cells of hensen
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reticular lamina
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the ___ __ ___ are continous with the highly vascular layer of epithelium lining the spiral ligament.
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cells of cladius
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The ___ ___ ____ help form the stria vascularis
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cells of cladius
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The ___ ___ has been likened to a microkidney and produces endolymph
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stria vascularis
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The shape of each ____ phalangeal cell or __ cell is modified to form a cuppp that snugly fits the basal end of a ___ ___ __
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outer, deiter, outer hair cell
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the outer phalangeal cell has a base/body and a phalangeal process like the inner phalangeal cell. (t/f)
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true
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The outer phalangeal cell also has an ascending phalanx that expands to the top to form a thin lamella (cuticular plate) that contributes to the ____ _____, it also separates the apexes of the neighboring hair cells.
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reticular membrane
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Another name for the Organ of Corti
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Spiral Organ
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The otic capsule holds?
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3 parts - SCC, Vestibule, and Cochlea
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The cochlea modiolus base is near?
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internal auditory meatus and carries nerves (p.465)
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The OSL terminates near the heliocotrema, this hooklike process is called the:
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hamulus
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The cochlea has 3 openings:
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round window, cochlear aqueduct, heliocotrema
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The round window in the cochlea is where and does what?
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basal extreme of the scala tympani, opens into tympanic cavity and permits pressure to equalize between the Scala Tympani and Scala Vestibule
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The cochlear aqueduct is where and does what?
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near the round window, carries perilymph to the arachnoid space in the brain
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Perilymph is
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extracelluar fluid, ultrafiltrate of blood
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Perilymph is in these areas of the inner ear:
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scala vestibuli, scala tympani, and perilymphatic spaces in the vestibule and SCC.
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Endolymph is
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intracelluar fluid, ultrafiltrate of blood
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The membraneous labyrinth has 3 areas:
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the SCC, the utricle and saccule, and cochlear duct/scala media
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Another name for Reissner's membrane is:
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vestibular membrane
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Low sound frequencies displace larger and larger segments of the basilar membrane (T/F)
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TRUE
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Displacement patterns of the BM:
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shallow: low frequency rise
very steep: high frequency cutoff |
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In order - Scala Media cells and areas: (14)
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limbus
border cells of held inner sulcus iner phalangeal cell inner hair cell inner rod, inner tunnel outer rod space of nuel outer phalangeal cell outer hair cell outer tunnel cells of hensen cells of claudiud and boettcher |
