Comd 3100 - Chapter 1

Front 1

Term describing a small bone, usually in the middle ear

Back 1

Ossicle

Front 2

Three small bones of the middle ear

Back 2

Malleus, Incus and Stapes

Front 3

How muscles are often named

Back 3

Point of attachment, characteristics or body location

Front 4

The study of the structure of organisms and the relations of their parts

Back 4

Anatomy

Front 5

Anatomy specialization that considers body as being comprised by a number of systems

Back 5

Descriptive/Systemic Anatomy

Front 6

Study of anatomoy which deals with structural relationships of the parts of the body

Back 6

Regional/Topographical Anatomy

Front 7

Study of anatomy which is conderned with its application to a specialized field

Back 7

Applied/Practical Anatomoy

Front 8

Study of anatomy which is concerned with structure details revealed through microscopic study

Back 8

Microscopic Anatomy

Front 9

Study of anatomy that specilaizes in the study of the growth of an organixm from a single cell through birth

Back 9

Developmental Anatomy

Front 10

Study of anatomy that investigates the morphophysiology of the aged

Back 10

Geriatric Anatomy

Front 11

The study of anatomy that deals with the anatomical features of people of various races and groups

Back 11

Anthropological Anatomy

Front 12

Study of anatomy which focuses on the external morphology of the living body

Back 12

Aritistic Anatomy

Front 13

Study of anatomy which focuses on the comparitive study of the structures of all living organisms

Back 13

Comparative Anatomy

Front 14

The study of cells

Back 14

Cytology

Front 15

The study of tissues

Back 15

Histology

Front 16

The scientific study of life and living organisms

Back 16

Biology

Front 17

Sub-discipline of biology that deals with the functions of living organisms

Back 17

Physiology

Front 18

Sub-discipline of biology that deals with the form and structure of living organisms

Back 18

Morphology

Front 19

Study of functions of living animals as a whole

Back 19

Animal Physiology

Front 20

Study of physiology as it relates to problems in medicine and industry

Back 20

Applied Physiology

Front 21

Study of physiology of life processes of individual or small groups of cells

Back 21

Cellular Physicology

Front 22

Study of physiology in which experiments are carried out on animal or humal subjects

Back 22

Experimental Physiology

Front 23

Study of physiology that focuses of functions that have been modified by disease

Back 23

Pathologic/Morbid Physiology

Front 24

Study of physiology that foucse on a particular set of organs

Back 24

Special Physiology

Front 25

Study of physiology that focuses on the general laws of life and functional actitity

Back 25

General Physiology

Front 26

Study of the physiology of plants

Back 26

Vegetable Physiology

Front 27

Uniform anatomical nomenclature - 1895

Back 27

BNA - Basel Nomina Anatomica

Front 28

Facing front, arms down, palms forward

Back 28

Anatomical position

Front 29

Process by which embryo becomes curved into itself

Back 29

Flexion

Front 30

Away from the backbone. Toward the front of the body

Back 30

Ventral

Front 31

Toward the backbone. Away from the front of the body

Back 31

Dorsal

Front 32

Toward the front.

Back 32

Anterior

Front 33

Toward the back

Back 33

Posterior

Front 34

Toward the surface

Back 34

Superficial

Front 35

Away from the surface

Back 35

Deep

Front 36

Toward the top. Upper

Back 36

Superior

Front 37

Toward the bottom. Lower

Back 37

Inferior

Front 38

Toward the head. Also Rostral

Back 38

Cranial

Front 39

Toward the head. Also Cranial.

Back 39

Rostral

Front 40

Toward the tail. Away from the head.

Back 40

Caudal

Front 41

Toward the outer sufrace

Back 41

External

Front 42

Toward the inner surface

Back 42

Internal

Front 43

Toward the axis or midline

Back 43

Medial

Front 44

Away from teh axis or midline

Back 44

Lateral

Front 45

Toward the body

Back 45

Proximal

Front 46

Away from the body

Back 46

Distal

Front 47

Situated or pertaining to the center

Back 47

Central

Front 48

Toward the outer surface or part

Back 48

Periperal

Front 49

Vertical division of body or its structures into left and right sides

Back 49

Sagittal Plane

Front 50

Vertical division of the body or its structures into front and back sides

Back 50

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Front 51

Horizontal division of the body or its structures into upper and lower sections

Back 51

Transverse Plane

Front 52

Fundamental unit of structure and function in the body

Back 52

Cell

Front 53

Irritability, Growth, Spontaneous movement, Metabolism, Reproduction

Back 53

5 Features of Cell

Front 54

Number of cells in the body

Back 54

100 Trillion

Front 55

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

Back 55

Two components of Protoplasm

Front 56

70-85% water and 20% protein

Back 56

Breakdown of Cytoplasm

Front 57

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous and Vascular

Back 57

5 Types of Tissue

Front 58

Arranged in mosaics, forming sheets

Back 58

Epithelial Tissue

Front 59

Covers surfaces of body, lines tubes leading to exterior of body, lines cavities of body

Back 59

Epithelial Tissue

Front 60

Forms the epidermis and membranes that are continuous with the skin

Back 60

Epithelial Tissue Proper

Front 61

Cellular shape varies - flat, rodlike or curveded

Back 61

Epithelial Tissue Cell Shape

Front 62

Cells can be single layer or several layers (stratified)

Back 62

Epithelial Tissue types

Front 63

Tissue that lines the walls of the blood and lymph vessels

Back 63

Endothelial Tissue

Front 64

Composed only of a single layer of flat cells

Back 64

Endothelial Tissue

Front 65

Lines the 4 cavities of the body (the 3 P's)

Back 65

Mesothelial Tissue

Front 66

Free surface of tissue is covered by single layer of flat cells - very slippery

Back 66

Mesothelial Tissue

Front 67

Connects or binds structures together

Back 67

Connective Tissue

Front 68

Epithelial Tissue Proper
Endothelial Tissue
Mesothelial Tissue

Back 68

3 Types of Epithelial Tissue

Front 69

Loose
Dense
Specialized

Back 69

3 Types of Connective Tissue

Front 70

Areolar
Adipose

Back 70

2 Types of Loose Tissue

Front 71

Tendons
Ligaments
Fascia
Reticular

Back 71

4 Types of Dense Connective Tissue

Front 72

Bone
Cartlige

Back 72

2 Types of Speicalized Connective Tissue

Front 73

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartlige

Back 73

3 Types of Cartilge

Front 74

Synarthroidal
Amphiarthroidal
Diarthroidal

Back 74

3 Types of Joints

Front 75

10% of body weight.
Blood and lymphatic tissues

Back 75

Vascular Tissue

Front 76

Striated
Smooth
Cardiac

Back 76

3 Types of Muscle Tissue

Front 77

Irritable & excitable.
Modified composition in response to change.
Essential to body function

Back 77

Nervous Tissue

Front 78

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartlige

Back 78

3 Types of Cartilge

Front 79

Synarthroidal
Amphiarthroidal
Diarthroidal

Back 79

3 Types of Joints

Front 80

10% of body weight.
Blood and lymphatic tissues

Back 80

Vascular Tissue

Front 81

Striated
Smooth
Cardiac

Back 81

3 Types of Muscle Tissue

Front 82

Irritable & excitable.
Modified composition in response to change.
Essential to body function

Back 82

Nervous Tissue

Front 83

Made up of a single layer of flat cells

Back 83

Endothelial Tissue

Front 84

Lines the peritoneal, pleural are pericardial cavities.
aka: serious membrane

Back 84

Mesothelial Tissue

Front 85

Few cells and large amounts of intercellular substance

Back 85

Connective Tissues

Front 86

Non cellular component of connective tissue

Back 86

Matrix

Front 87

ON the basis of nonliving intercellular substances

Back 87

How Connective Tissues are classified

Front 88

Loose, Dense, Specialized

Back 88

3 Types of Connective Tissue

Front 89

Areolar and Adipose

Back 89

2 Types of Loose Connective Tissue

Front 90

High fat content loose connective tissue

Back 90

Adipose

Front 91

Forms the bed for the skin

Back 91

Areolar tissue

Front 92

Tendons, Ligaments, Fascia, Reticular

Back 92

4 Types of Dense Connective Tissue

Front 93

Dense connective tissue that is always associated with a bone.
Tough and non-elastic

Back 93

Tendons

Front 94

Broad tendonous sheets in the abdominal wall

Back 94

Aponeuroses

Front 95

Join bone to bone, bone to cartilge or cartilge to cartilge.
Elastic

Back 95

Ligaments

Front 96

All dense connective tissues not otherwise specified

Back 96

Fascia

Front 97

delicate supporting network for lymph nodes and liver

Back 97

Reticular Tissue

Front 98

Cartlige and Bone

Back 98

2 Types of Specialized Connective Tissue

Front 99

Hyaline, Elasic and Firbrous

Back 99

3 Types of Cartlige

Front 100

Provides covering for surfaces of joints & framework for lower respiratory system.
Poor blood supply.

Back 100

Hyaline

Front 101

Flexible cartlige found in ear, epiglottis and auditory tube

Back 101

Elastic Cartlge

Front 102

found in some joints and esp. in the vertebral disks

Back 102

Fiberous (Fibrocartlige)

Front 103

Characterized by a large number of inorganic salts in its matrix

Back 103

Bone

Front 104

Dense or Compact
and
Spongy or Cancellous

Back 104

2 Types of Bone

Front 105

Composes outer shell of bone

Back 105

Compact (Dense) bone

Front 106

Composes inner portion of the bone

Back 106

Spongy (Cancellous) bone

Front 107

outer covering of bones that provides surface for tendons to attach to

Back 107

Periosteum

Front 108

Short, long, flat, irregular or accessory

Back 108

Bone classifications

Front 109

Bones associated with the spinal column

Back 109

Axial bones/skeleton

Front 110

bones of the upper and lower appendages

Back 110

Appendicular bones/skeleton

Front 111

Synarthroidal
Amphiarthroidal
Diarthroidal

Back 111

Types of Joints - functionally defined

Front 112

Fibrous (synarthroidal)
Cartilaginous (amphiarthroidal)
Synovial (diarthroidal)

Back 112

Types of joints - anatomically defined

Front 113

Immovable joints connected by thin layer of connective tissue

Back 113

Synarthroidal Joints

Front 114

Semi-movable joints connected by cartilage

Back 114

Amphiarthroidal Joints

Front 115

Synovial joint with varying degrees of free movement

Back 115

Diarthroidal Joints

Front 116

40% of body weight

Back 116

Muscle

Front 117

Striated
Smooth
Cardiac

Back 117

3 Types of Muscle

Front 118

Long bands.
Controlled by PNS
Attaches to the skeletal system

Back 118

Striated Muscle

Front 119

329

Back 119

Number of striated muscles in the body

Front 120

Procerous and Diaphram muscles

Back 120

Only unpaired striated muscles in the body

Front 121

Covers muscle fibers and separates them from eachother and joins with others to form a functional muscle

Back 121

Endomysium

Front 122

Ensheaths functional muscles

Back 122

Perimysium

Front 123

Ensheaths perimysium

Back 123

Epimysium

Front 124

Involuntary muscle innervated by the ANS (autonomic nervous system).
primitive

Back 124

Smooth Muscle (Visceral)

Front 125

Contraction accomplished without benefit of nerve fibers

Back 125

Ephatic Conduction

Front 126

Found only in heart
Involuntary
Smooth but striated
Intrinsically self-excitable

Back 126

Cardiac Muscle

Front 127

Study of Movement

Back 127

Kinesthesiology

Front 128

50-60%

Back 128

Amount that a muscle can contract

Front 129

When a muscle does not shorten during contraction

Back 129

Isometric

Front 130

When a muscle shortens with constant tension during contraction

Back 130

Isotonic

Front 131

The small amount of muscle contraction present when the muscle is at rest

Back 131

Muscle Tone

Front 132

Parallel
Radiating
Pennate

Back 132

3 Classifications of Muscle

Front 133

2 Points of Attachemnt for a Muscle

Back 133

Origin and Insertion

Front 134

More proximal location with lesser movement

Back 134

Origin

Front 135

More distal location with more movement

Back 135

Insertion

Front 136

The bending of a part or the condition of being bent

Back 136

Flexion

Front 137

The Act of Straightening

Back 137

Extension

Front 138

Movement away from the body

Back 138

Abduction

Front 139

Movement toward the median of the body

Back 139

Adduction

Front 140

Rotation toward midpoint of body

Back 140

Medial Rotation

Front 141

Rotation away from midpoint of body

Back 141

Lateral Rotation

Front 142

Rotation or palm down and back

Back 142

Pronation

Front 143

Made up of highly specialized cells
Elongated
Extrememly irritable

Back 143

Nervous Tissue

Front 144

Respond to changes by modifying electrochemical composition

Back 144

Nervous Tissue

Front 145

Electrochemical stimuli provided by the nervous system....

Back 145

Causes muscles to contract

Front 146

Latent, contraction, relaxation periods
(Refractory, sometimes)

Back 146

3 Phases of a motor unit of muscle contraction

Front 147

10% of body weight
fluid tissue of the blood and lymphatic systems

Back 147

Vascular Tissue

Front 148

convey food & oxygen
take on waste materials
regulate heat
defend against disease

Back 148

Vascular Tissues

Front 149

When 2 or more tissues combine for a common function

Back 149

Organ

Front 150

Respiration
Phonation
Articulation
Resonance
Plus hearing & feedback mechanisms

Back 150

4 Phases of Speech

Front 151

Lungs
Trachea
Larynx
Nasal Cavities
Oral Cavities

Back 151

Systems associated with speech production