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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a system of conventional spoken or written symbols used by people in a shared culture to communicate with one another
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language
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Language is
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a system of symbols
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4 characterstics of language
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1. language is a system of symbols
2. language is shared 3. language system is conventional 4. language is a tool for human communication |
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the smallest units of language that carry meanining
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morphemes
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________________ are combined to create words
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morphemes
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_____________refers to the translation of one type of information into another type of information
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code
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referent
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the aspect of the world to which the word refers
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a group of people who use a common language
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language community
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reasons language communities emerge
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-geographic
-sociological -economic |
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communication
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the rpocess of sharing information, such as thoughts, feelings, and ideas among two or more persons
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language is (2)
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1. a representational tool used for thinking
2. permits people to communicate their thoughts to other individuals |
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human brain uses language as a representational tool to store information and to carry out______________,
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-cognitive processes
1. reasoning 2. hypothesizing 3. planning 4. problem-solving (higher-level language skills) |
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modularity
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cognitive science theory about how the human mind is organized within the structures of the brain
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regions of the brain developed to process specific types of information
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modules
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a specialized problem-solving device in the brain that responds to information of a restricted type
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module
-domain specific |
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Differing cognitive theorists think:
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-domain specific
or -domain general |
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children with a condition called ____________exhibit problems in very precise aspects of grammar
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speech language impairment (SLI)
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if a brain is injured
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language functions can be subsumed by another area of the brain
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language
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rule-governed, code-based toold that a person uses to represent thoughts and ideas
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describes the neuromuscular process by which humans turn language into a sound signal that is transmitted through the air
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speech
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the sensory system that allows speech to enter into and be processed by the human brain
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hearing
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communication
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the process of sharing information among individuals
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Speech involves the precise activation of muscles in four systems:
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1. respiration
2. phonation 3. resonation 4. articulation |
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breath of air as it is inspired into and then expired from the lungs to travel through the trachea, or windpipe
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respiration
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within the trachea, the breath of air moves through the vocal cords, which are set into vibration to create one's voice
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phonation
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the breath of air proceeds into the oral and nasal cavities
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resonation
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the breath of air is manipulated by the tongue, teeth, and jaw
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articulation
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______________provides a medium for sharing language
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speech
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a way to represent an unknown event on the basis of the best current evidence governing the event
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A model (of speech production)
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3 stages of speech production
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1. Perceptial Target
2. Motor Schema: rough motor plan (organizes the phonemes into syllable chunks) 3. Speech Output |
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Speech depends wholly on ____________ because it gives speech its meaning
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language
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Speech and language are largely ____________processes.
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independent
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The reciever's task:
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to receive and comprehend information the speaker conveys
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audition
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the perception of sound
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acoustics
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the study of sound
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The 4 acoustic events:
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1. creation of a Sound Source
2. Vibration of Air Particles 3. Reception by the Ear 4. Comprehension by the Brain |
