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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Macrolides: |
Prototype= azithromycin |
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azithromycin: |
Administration= oral/IV |
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azithromycin: |
Macrolides: |
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Clindamycin: |
Clindamycin: |
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Clindamycin: |
Administration= IV/PO |
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Clindamycin: |
Clindamycin: |
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Nitroimidazole: |
Nitroimidazole |
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metronidazole: |
Administration= IV/PO |
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metronidazole: |
Nitroimidazole: |
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Quinolones: |
Quinolones: |
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levofloxacin: |
Administration= IV/PO |
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levofloxacin: |
Spectrum= broad gram –, moderate gram + |
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Antifolate: |
Antifolate |
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trimethaprim/sulfamethoxazole: |
Administration= oral |
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trimethaprim/sulfamethoxazole: |
Spectrum= gram +/– aerobes, listeria, shigella, pseudomonas |
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Isonazid |
antimycobacterial |
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Isonazid |
Administration=PO |
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Isonazid agents: |
Antimycobacterial: |
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Rifampin: |
Antimycobacterial |
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Rifampin |
Administration= PO |
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Rifampin: |
Antimycobacterial agents: |
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Polyenes: |
polyenes: |
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amphotericin B: |
Administration= IV |
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amphotericin B: |
polyenes: |
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Azoles: |
Azoles: |
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fluconazole: |
Administration= IV/PO |
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fluconazole: |
Azole: fluconazole |
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Echinocandins: |
Echinocandins: |
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Caspofungin: |
Administration= IV |
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Caspofungin: |
Echinocandins: |
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Flucytosine: |
fungicidal? |
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Flucytosine |
Administration=PO |
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Flucytosine: |
Flucytosine: |
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Prototype = Penicillin G |
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Penicillin G: Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV Distribution = Well into most tissues + CSF |
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Penicillin G: |
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Aminopenicillins: |
Prototype = Ampicillin |
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Ampicillin: Administration? Distribution?
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Administration = IV Distribution = Tissues, CSF 5–20% unless inflamed meninges = more CSF |
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ampicillin: |
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Beta–lactamase inhibitor: |
Prototype = Clavulanic acid |
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1st Gen Cephalosporins: |
Prototype = Cefazolin |
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Cefazolin: Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV Distribution = Well into most tissues, CSF 5–20% |
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Cefazolin: Spectrum? |
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What are the two prototype 2nd generation cephalosporins? |
cefuroxime |
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cefuroxime: class? |
2nd generation cephalosporin Bacteriacidal |
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cefuroxime: Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV/PO Distribution = Well into most tissues, CSF 5–20% |
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cefuroxime: |
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cefloxitin: class? |
2nd generation cephalosporin Bacteriacidal |
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cefloxitin: Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV Distribution = Well into most tissues, CSF 5–20% |
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cefloxitin: |
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3rd gen Cephalosporins: |
Prototype = ceftriaxone |
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ceftriaxone: Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV Distribution = Well into most tissues, CSF 5–20% |
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ceftriaxone: |
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4th gen cephalosporins: |
Prototype = cefepime |
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cefepime: Administration? Distribution?
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Administration = IV Distribution = Well into most tissues, CSF 5–20% |
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cefepime: |
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Carbapenems |
Prototype = Imipenem/Cilastatin |
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Imipenem/Cilastatin: Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV Distribution = Throughout all tissues |
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Imipenem/Cilastatin: |
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Vancomycin |
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Vancomycin Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV (PO for c. diff) Distribution = Moderate into most tissues, CSF less than 5% |
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Vancomycin |
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Aminoglycosides |
Prototype = gentamicin |
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gentamicin: Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV Distribution = Extracellular space, no CSF |
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gentamicin: Spectrum? |
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Tetracyclines |
Prototype = doxycycline |
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doxycycline: Administration? Distribution? |
Administration = IV Distribution = Especially in bile, liver, kidney, spleen, skin, bone |
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doxycycline: |
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Define Concentration Dependent. What ratio is used to describe this parameter? |
drug works best by achieving a very high peak/Cmax |
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Define Time Dependent |
work best by maintaining concentrations above the MIC for a certain amount of time; moderate sustained levels are more important than hitting a high peak |
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What ratio is used to describe mixed dependent drugs? |
"AUC/MIC"
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When administering a concentration dependent drug you should try to maximize ____? |
When administering a concentration dependent drug you should try to maximize the single dose concentration. |
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What are the main mechanisms of resistance to beta–lactam antibiotics |
–Beta–lactamases |
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Mechanism of resistance for MRSA and strep pneumoneae? |
Alteration in PBP |
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When do you give penicillins/cephalosporins from these class IV vs PO? |
IV is for severe cases |
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Why are Imipenem and cilastatin given together? |
Cilastatin prevents breakdown of imipenem by renal dyhydropeptidases which protexts the kidney from toxic byproducts |
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Aminoglycosides are not used as monotherapy for infections outside _______ |
the urinary tract |
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Post antibiotic effect? |
Persistent suppression of bacterial growth following exposure to an antimicrobial |
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Which class has a long PAE? |
aminoglycosides |
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What class has notable synergy with Aminoglycosides? Use? |
Beta–Lactams |
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Most common method of tetracycline resistance? |
Drug cannot reach the target site: |