Com Sci 217 Midterm + Final Review

Front 1

-Computer

- Type of computers (3)

Back 1

-A device that accepts(input) values, and then translates informations to give a result(output)

- Abacus, Difference machine- polynomial, Eniac - first electronic general purpose computer

Front 2

- Blooms Taxonomy

- 6 levels of competence ( K.C.A.A.S.E)

Back 2

- Studied how people think

- knowledge - recall something

-application - solve a problem

-comprehension - predicting consequences

-analysis - identify patterns

-synthesis - use old ideas to make new ones

-evaluation - compare

Front 3

Before you start a program, what should you do?

Back 3

Top down design

Front 4

What are algorithms

Back 4

The process of how your program should work

Front 5

where are computer programs stored, and why?

-Once a file is created how does it run

Back 5

- Source files, because they are readable.

- Through python interpretor.

Front 6

- Compiling

- interpreting

- Compilation diagram (d

- Virtual Machine

Back 6

- Performs a conversion ( converts source codes at once to machine code, uses higher level languages)

- performs a conversion (coverts line by line to machine code, uses lower level languages)

- source file > compiler > machine code > c.p.u > result

-source file > virtual machine > result

Front 7

-Advantages of a compiler

-Disadvantages

Back 7

- source code remains sacred/ its faster

-works on only one computer

Front 8

-Advantages of virtual machine

-Disadvantages

Back 8

- works on very computer

- slower

Front 9

-Magic numbers

Back 9

- Poorly written numeric constants without meaning

Front 10

3 Types of errors

Back 10

- syntax error - as the code is created; no statements are executed

- runtime error - as the program runs; does not complete successfully

- logic error - runs to completion, but gives wrong answers

Front 11

Data types

Back 11

-boolean: true or false

-string

-int

-float e.t.c.

Front 12

What is information?

what is a data?

Back 12

-A condition or description of something

-Representation of information

Front 13

what is the sequence for constructing binary? numbers

Back 13

8421

Front 14

7 bits of character has how many characters

Back 14

2^7 = 128 characters

Front 15

limitations for ascii characters and solutions to it?

Back 15

only reps latin characters, doesnt support accented char

uft - 8 reps everything

Front 16

Problems with real numbers?

Back 16

it cant rep all the real numbers, theres only a finite amount of memory.

Front 17

what are raster images?

Back 17

collections of squares (pixels)

Front 18

boolean logic:

-not

- difference between or / Xor

Back 18

- flips input value

- or: outputs true if one or both of the inputs are true

-Xor: outputs true if exactly one of the input is true.

Front 19

- while and for loops are examples of what?

- how many times do post-tested loops runs?

Back 19

- Pretested loops, runs 0 or more times

- 1 or more times

Front 20

- Common errors in looping?

Back 20

- initialization errors - forget to initialize a variable

- Termination errors - infinite loop

- logic errors

Front 21

what are nested loops?

Back 21

the body of one loop contains another loop

Front 22

differences between break and continue?

Back 22

- stops loop immediately

- stops iteration and goes to the top of the condition/ loop

Front 23

define

knowledge

application

comprehension

synthesis

evaluate

analyze

Back 23

- recall

- solve a problem

- predict consequences

- use old ideas to make new ones

- compare to find strength and weaknesses

- find patterns

Front 24

- condition coverage

- statement coverage

- path coverage

- They are examples of what type of testing?

Back 24

- every possible decision point in program

- every possible statement in a program

- every possible path in a program

- white box testing

Front 25

-white box testing

- black box

Back 25

- testing while looking at the source code

- testing without looking at source code

Front 26

explain if-then-elif-else

Back 26

hows one of several options to execute

Front 27

order of precedence

Back 27

- math operator

- rational operator

- not

- and

- or

- assignment

Front 28

8

16

32

64

Back 28

8 - byte - hundreds

16 - half-word - thousands

32 - word - million

64 - double-word - billion

Front 29

- What are functions and what can they contain?

- A function should?

- What does parameters do for a function and they are what?

Back 29

- They are a named set of statements, they can take parameters and return values

- Should perform a clearly defined specific single purpose

- Hide details from the caller

- Supplies data to function, they are positional

Front 30

Define:

Actual parameter

Formal parameter

Back 30

- The values placed in the brackets after the function is called

- The name of the variable parameter in the function definition

Formal parameters hold values passed to the function

Front 31

Positional parameters assign values to _______ in the order that they occur

while name parameters?

Back 31

- Parameter variables

- Allows us to assign values in any order

Front 32

Returning a function allows what ?

Scope determines what?

Back 32

- Allows a value to be returned from the function in where it was called

- The portion of a program where a name can be used

Front 33

Why are functions useful?

Back 33

- Facilitate code recuse

- Reduce complexity

- Ease maintenance

Front 34

What are list?

Back 34

- A mechanism for organizing related datas, or just a collection of values

Front 35

What would you get when you called in cbc.values() from a dictionary named cbc with some keys and values?

Back 35

A list of any dimension except 1D containing the values

Front 36

______ sort is the method of creating a sorted list by randomly taking an item from the unsorted list and placing in the right location in the sorted list until all the items are sorted

Back 36

Insertion sort

Front 37

Difference between tuples and lists?

Back 37

- Tuples cant be changed, and items cant be assigned differently

- Lists uses square brackets while tuple uses parenthesis

Front 38

Information about function calls and pointers for local variables and formal parameters are stored in as what in a program's memory?

Back 38

Stacks

Front 39

How is text different from data?

Back 39

Text holds instructions in machine cold, while data points to global variables and consents

Front 40

Which type of sorting described by the following statement ? Find the smallest number in the unsorted list, remove that number and add it to the end o the sorted list. Repeat this sequence until there are no numbers in the unsorted list

Back 40

Selection sort

Front 41

what does rstrip() do?

Back 41

Take carriage return out of string

Front 42

Define:

- Bubble sort

- Concatenation

- Slicing

- Dictionaries

- Strings

Back 42

- Compare 2 adjacent things, if there are out of order, it switches it

- Joins 2 list together

- Remove elements from a list

- A collection of values

- A collection of characters

Front 43

- What is the difference between sorted and sort?

- How do you remove from a dictionary?

- How do you remove everything from a dictionary?

- How go you get something from a string?

Back 43

- Sorted takes one parameter, sort doesn't

- Use pop, or del

- clear()

- find()

Front 44

What is the difference between mutable types and in-mutable types?

The memory for a program is organizedinto what four regions?

Back 44

- Memory stored in mutable types can change

e.g.(float, strings, boolean)

- Memory stored in in-mutable types can't change e.g.(lists, dictionaries)

- Text: program instructions

- data: constants and global variables

- heap: variables located as program runs

- stack: information for function calls

Front 45

What are the two types of file?

What are the two ways to access a file?

Back 45

- Text file: done with ascii or unicode

- Binary file: contain arbitrary sequences, doesn't conform to ascii characters

- Sequential access

- Random file access

Front 46

What are escape sequences?

What are databases?

Back 46

- Two characters that represent a character we cant type directly

- A structured collection of records organized for easy retrieval

Front 47

In the relational model, what does databases consist of?

Back 47

- Schema: describes the structure of the data

Front 48

Define

Primary key

Foreign key

Back 48

- A unique value associated with each row in the table

- A primary key value from another table residing in the current table

Front 49

What are the 2 cases for recursive functions?

Back 49

- Base case: doesn't make recursive call and allows function to terminate

- Recursive case: function calls it self

Front 50

What are the advantages to recursive functions?

Back 50

- Faster to make

- Requires less memory