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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adverb |
describes an adjective or verb |
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Antecedent |
the noun the pronoun replaces |
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Possessive Pronouns |
show ownership and replace possessive noun phrases Ex. mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs |
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Reflexive Pronouns |
refer back to an earlier noun or pronoun Ex. myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves |
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Intensive Pronouns |
put emphasis on the noun; aren’t necessary for the sentence to make sense Ex. he himself |
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Indefinite Pronouns |
do not refer to a specific person, place, or thing Ex. somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody |
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Relative Pronouns |
link one part of a sentence to another Ex. who, whom, whose, which, that, what |
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Demonstrative Pronouns |
function as subjects or objects, replacing nouns Ex. this, that, these, those |
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Interrogative Pronouns |
are used to ask questions and represent an unknown subject or object Ex. who, whom, what, which, whose |
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Determiners |
modify nouns; indicate whether something specific or of a particular type is being referred to; are ALWAYS followed by a noun Ex. Several |
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Numbers and Quantifiers |
Ex. one, two, first, second, most, little, least, any, enough, whole, half, much (only singular), many (only plural) |
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Possessive Determiners |
are used before nouns to show ownership Ex. my, your, his, her, its, our, their |
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Interrogative Determiners |
are used before a noun to ask a question Ex. which, what Always before a noun |
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Direct Object |
person or thing receiving the action |
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Indirect Object |
person or thing indirectly affected by the action of the verbIndirect objects will always go before the direct object, and typically right after the verb |
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Linking Verbs |
connect subject of sentence to a word or phrase that describes the subject Ex. Any form of to be is most common Usually a state of existence Ex. The rabbits were frightened |
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Helping Verbs |
help the main verb by extending the meaning of the verb Ex. is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, has, have, had, do, does, did Ex. The duck was cleaning its feathers |
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Modal Verbs |
type of helping verb that indicate modality - likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation Ex. The squirrel might live in that tree. |
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Past Simple Tense |
Used to express an action that began and ended in the past Ex. He laughed. |
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Present Simple Tense |
Used to express a constant or repeated action that is happening right now Ex. He smiles. |
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Future Simple Tense |
Used to express actions that will occur in the future Ex. I will cry. |
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Past Perfect Tense |
describes an action that happened in the past before something else happened Ex. I had escaped. |
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Present Perfect Tense |
refers to an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past, or to an action that began in the past and continues into the present Ex. She has lived here for several years. |
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Future Perfect Tense |
describes an action that will occur at some point in the future before another action Ex. I will have bought a new car. |
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Progressive Tense |
used to emphasize that an action is ongoing at a particular point in time |
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Past Progressive Tense |
describes a past action that was happening at the same time that another action occurred Ex. I was falling asleep. |
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Present Progressive Tense |
expresses an action that is continuing at the same time that something else is happening Ex. I am hiding in the tree. |
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Future Progressive Tense |
describes an ongoing action that is going to happen in the future Ex. They will be watching the roads all night. |
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Perfect Progressive |
describes ongoing actions that end at some point in the past, present, or future Ex. The guard had been searching Ex. I have been hiding since dawn Ex. They will have been following my trail |
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Participle |
are formed from verbs; are either past or present Ex. He looked everywhere (past) Ex. His ice skates are missing (present) |
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Gerund |
act as nouns; are always singular Ex. It was a priority |
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Active Voice |
subject is performing the action of the verb, and the object is receiving it Ex. The snake attacked the boy. |
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Passive Voice |
the subject is receiving the action and the object is performing it Ex. The boy was attacked by the snake |
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Lay vs. Lie |
Lay requires an object Lie does not |
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Transitive Verb |
Requires an object; carries an action from the subject to the direct object Ex. A fire destroyed the forest. If you can ask and answer who and what it is this |
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Intransitive Verb |
does not require an object; makes sense on their own Ex. The animals fled. |
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Phrasal Verb
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a new verb formed by adding an adverb or a preposition to an existing verb Ex. I got up early because he was taking me out for lunch. |
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Adverb Phrasal Verb |
works as a single unit. The adverb is essential to the phrasal verbs meaning, either intensifying the verb’s meaning or changing it entirely. Ex. I got up early. |
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Prepositional Phrasal Verbs |
the preposition links the verb to the noun or pronoun that follows - the direct object. Prepositional phrases are always transitive, but cannot usually be separated by the object. Ex. We ran into Paul. |
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Adverb-prepositional phrasal verbs |
must have a direct object, and the parts of the phrasal verb cannot be separated by this objectEx. Paul was looking forward to the show. |
