Com 101 Exam 1

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linear model of studying mass effects of communication

Back 1

attempts to explain how a mass medium actually communicates messages and how we understand those messages. sender --> message --> mass media --> channel (gate keepers) --> receivers (consumers). however, message does not always reach consumer

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social scientific model of studying effects of mass communication

Back 2

tests hypotheses with measurable data, provides valuable insight into questions about media, helps groups test their messages

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cultural model of studying effects of mass communication

Back 3

analyzes media content (how audience interprets content), recognizes that individuals assign diverse meaning to messages (gender, race, etc.)

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pictographs

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symbol of an object that is used to convey an idea

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papyrus

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gathered from reeds near the nile, could last up to 300 years, flexible and cheap. precursor to parchment scrolls

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volumen

Back 6

latin for something that is wound or rolled up

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parchment scrolls

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made of animal skin, stronger and cheaper than papyrus,

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diamond sutra

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oldest dated block print book, created by the chinese

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codex

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protomodern book made of bound parchment, originally by the romans in 1-4 centure C.E, copied by hand

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palimpsets

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parchment that has been scraped clean and reused

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who could read manuscripts?

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only the elite and educated, had to know a second language and had to have leisure time

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Bodleian library

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library in oxford created by thomas bodely, one of oldest libs in world

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first printing presses in america

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1) mexico (1540)
2) lima peru (1581)

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the bay psalm book

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first book printed in british north america, 1640

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ben franklin

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created first library in philadeplhia, printed poor richards almanack,

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linotype

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similar to typewriter

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lithography

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1900's, anything you can take a picture of you can print

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books after world war 2

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many gi's could afford college education and this increased the need for textbooks as well as increased book sales

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benjamin harrises publick occurences

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1690, banned after one day for speaking against french monarchy

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boston news letter

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first newspaper to publish multiple issues, 1704

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pennsylvania gazette

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created by ben franklin, first paper to profit from ads and regularly feature political cartoons and weather reports

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new york weekly journal

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printed by zenger, led to seditious libel trials, truth as a defense, can criticize officials as long as its true

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new york morning herald

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created by james gordon bennett, penny press paper, didnt get influenced by political parties, more ads, targeted middle working class, became worlds largest paper by 1860

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abolitionist press

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douglasses north star, william lloyd garrisons the liberator,

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jane grey swisshelm

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ran abolitionist newspaper, first woman to report from senate press gallery

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ida B wells

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black newspaper editor and owner

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yellow journalism

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sensational propaganda journalism and revealing news stories, scandals, exposed corruption (ex nelly blys reporting on womens lunatic asylum)

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press responsibilities according to walter lippman

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supply facts for the current record, give analysis, suggest course of action

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interpretive journalism

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tries to explain ramifications of key issues placed in a broader historial context as opposed to drab factual stories, moved away from inverted pyramid style

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literary (new) journalism

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fictional story telling techniques applied to non fictional material. ex of literary journalists- joan didion, jon krakauer, hunter thompson

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londons "review"- 1704-1713

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first political magazine founded by daniel defoe

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gentlemans magazine- 1731

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first to use the term magazine

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first american magazines launched

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american magazine and ben franklins general magazine and historical chronical

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sarah josepha hale

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founder of ladies magazine, author or mary had a little lamb, pushed to make thanksgiving a holiday

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godeys ladys book

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merged with sarah josepha hales ladies magazine in 1837, published female writers without male pseudonyms, campaigned for womens rights

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muckrakers

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early form of investigative journalism, exposed corruption, term coined by teddy roosevelt. examples- lincoln steffens in mcclures, exposed political corruption in cities, led to pure food and drug act, meat inspection act... ida tarbell writes history of standard oil company, etc

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the ladies home journal

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best selling magazine in us in 1900

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gonzo journalism

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subjective reporting often using reporter as narrator in first person perspective, started by hunter thompson

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dagguerotypes

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first commerically succesful photographic process, 1839, made with silvered copper plate, france

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matthew brady

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famous photo journalist

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the hutchins commission five requirements

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The media should provide a truthful, comprehensive and intelligent account of the day's events in a context that gives them meaning.
The media should serve as a forum for the exchange of comment and criticism.
The media should project a representative picture of the constituent groups in the society.
The media should present and clarify the goals and values of the society.
The media should provide full access to the day's intelligence

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alan freed

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cleaveland dj who began playing r and b records to white audiences, coined the term rock and roll