Colorful Anatomy: Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Front 1

Cerebral Hemispheres

Back 1

the two large neural structures that sit atop the vertebrate brain stem, one on the left and one on the right; they mediate complex psychological processes

Front 2

Brain stem

Back 2

The central neural stem on which the two cerebral hemispheres sit; many brain stem structures play key roles in the regulation of the body's key environment

Front 3

Telencephalon

Back 3

The cerebral hemispheres; one of the two divisions of the forebrain (the other is the diencephalon)

Front 4

Diencephalon

Back 4

The region of the brain between the telencephalon and the mesencephalon; one of the two divisions of the forebrain (the other is the telencephalon) the most anterior region of the brain stem

Front 5

Mesencephalon

Back 5

The midbrain; the region of the brain stem between the diencephalon and the telencephalon

Front 6

Metencephalon

Back 6

The region of the brain stem between the mesencephalon and the myelencephalon; one of the two divisions of the hindbrain (the other is the myelencephalon)

Front 7

Myelencephalon

Back 7

The most posterior region of the brain; the area of the brain stem between the metencephalon and the spinal cord; one of the two divisions of the hindbrain (the other is the metencephalon)

Front 8

Dura mater

Back 8

The outermost and toughest of the three meninges

Front 9

Arachnoid Membrane

Back 9

The middle menynx; it has the texture of a gauze-like spider web

Front 10

Pia mater

Back 10

The innermost and most delicate of the three meninges; it adheres to the surface of the CNS

Front 11

Subarachnoid Space

Back 11

The space between the main part of the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater; it contains cerebrospinal fluid, the web-like processes of the arachnoid layer, and many blood vessels

Front 12

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 12

The fluid that fills both the subarachnoid space and the hollow core of the brain and spinal cord; it supports, nourishes, and cushions the central nervous system

Front 13

Central canal

Back 13

The cerebrospinal fluid filled internal space that runs the length of the spinal cord

Front 14

Lateral ventricles

Back 14

The ventricles of the left and right cerebral hemispheres; they are the largest of the four cerebral ventricles

Front 15

Third ventricle

Back 15

The cerebral ventricle of the diencephalon; it is a vertical sheet-shaped chamber that lies along the midline

Front 16

Fourth ventricle

Back 16

The cerebral ventricle of the metencephalon; it connects the cerebral aqueduct and the central canal

Front 17

Cerebral Aqueduct

Back 17

The narrow channel that connects the third and fourth ventricles; most of it is located in the mesencephalon

Front 18

Nuclei

Back 18

Structures of the CNS that are composed largely of neural cell bodies; their function is the local analysis of neural signals (singular: nucleus)

Front 19

Tracts

Back 19

Structures of the CNS that are composed largely of axons; their function if the conduct action potentials from one part of the CNS to another

Front 20

Ganglia

Back 20

Structures of the PNS that are composed largely of neural cell bodies; their function is the local analysis of neural signals (singular: ganglion)

Front 21

Nerves

Back 21

Structures of the PNS that are composed largely of axons; their function is to conduct action potentials from one part of the PNS to another

Front 22

Longitudinal fissure

Back 22

The deep midline chasm between the two cerebral hemispheres

Front 23

Corpus Callosum

Back 23

By far the largest cerebral commissure; it is composed of about 200 million axons

Front 24

Anterior commissure

Back 24

The commissure that is located just inferior to the anterior tip of the corpus callosum; a major route of communication between the left and right temporal lobes

Front 25

Massa intermedia

Back 25

The commissure that is located in the middle of the third ventricle; it is a route of communication between the left and right deincephalon, which is largely separated by the third ventricle

Front 26

Olfactory nerves

Back 26

The first pair of cranial nerves; they carry sensory signals from the olfactory bulbs to the brain

Front 27

Optic nerves

Back 27

The second pair of cranial nerves; they carry sensory signals from the visual receptors of the eyes to the brain

Front 28

Vestibulocochlear nerves

Back 28

The eighth pair of cranial nerves, which carry sensory signals from the inner ear to brain; one branch carries sensory signals from the organs of balance (i.e., from the vestibular organs), and the other branch carries sensory signals from the organs of hearing

Front 29

Trigeminal nerves

Back 29

The fifth pair of cranial nerves, each of which has three major branches; they conduct motor signals from the brain to the muscles involved in chewing, and sensory signals from the same muscles from other parts of the face to the brain

Front 30

Vagus nerves

Back 30

The tenth and longest pair of cranial nerves; they conduct signals to and from the organs of the gut (e.g., to and from the heart, liver, and stomach)