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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pavilion |
The lower part of a faceted gem, below the girdle |
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Pearl |
A nacreous organic gem formed in the body of a mollusk |
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Pearl Sac |
Tissue that encloses an implanted bead nucleus and mantle-tissue piece, or the piece alone and secretes nacre to form a cultured pearl |
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Pegmatite |
An igneous rock formed from the cooling once-molten granite that follows fractures in its surrounding rock. It may contain very large crystals and its shape is often thin and contorted |
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Piezoelectricity |
A property of some crystals that causes them to vibrate at a constant frequency when subjected to an electrical current |
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Pinpoint |
A minute inclusion enclosed within a gem; can occur singly or in groups called clouds |
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Placer |
Workable alluvial deposit of gem minerals with economic potential |
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Planned Light Leakage |
Light that exists through a gem's crown in a controlled way due to the correct proportions of its cut |
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Plate |
A section of the earth's rigid outer crust |
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Plate Tectonics |
Study of the formation, structure and movement of the plates of the earth's crust |
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Pneumatolysis |
Crystallization of minerals from a gas |
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Point |
One one-hundredth of a carat (0.01ct) |
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Polish lines |
Tiny parallel grooves on a facet surface left by the polishing operation |
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Polishing |
Final stage in gem cutting that produces the smoothest possible surface |
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Polymer |
A liquid filling material that's very durable when it dries |
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Potch Opal |
Opal that lacks play-of-color |
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Precious Topaz |
A trade term for orange-to-yellow and brown topaz |
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Preform |
Rough ground to the approximate shape of the finished stone. Also the act of producing this shape |
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Process |
A procedure that includes cleaning, buffing and sometimes bleaching; done to make cultured pearls presentable and appealing |
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Processor |
A company that prepares cultured pearls for the market |
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Proportions |
The angles and relative measurements of a polished gem and the relationships between them |
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Quench Crackling |
A rapid heating and cooling process that produces fractures in a stone so it will accept dye |
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Reconstructed Turquoise |
A Turquoise imitation made of a mixture of powdered minerals dyed and bonded with plastic or epoxy resin |
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Reducing Environment |
An oxygen-poor environment that surrounds a gem during heat treatment, causing it to lose oxygen |
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Regional Metamorphism |
Changes in rock type and minerals over a wide area, caused by heat and pressure of large-scale geological events |
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Relatively Old Mine |
The medium texture category of Jadeite |
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Relief |
Contrast between an inclusion and its host gem |
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Resin |
A clear, viscous substance that's used to fill fractures in gemstones |
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Rice Pearls |
Chinese freshwater cultured pearls shaped and textured like rice grains |
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River Jade |
Weathered, thin-skinned Jadeite boulders |
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Rock Cycle |
A constant formation and recycling process that creates new rock from old |
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Rubellite |
Trade name for pink to red Elbaite Tourmaline |
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Rutilated Quartz |
A type of Sagenitic Quartz containing needle-like rutile inclusions |
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Sagenitic Quartz |
Transparent quartz, usually rock crystal that contains eye-visible inclusions, often named according to the type of inclusions it contains |
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Saturation |
A color's strength or intensity |
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Sawing |
Diving gem rough into easily handled pieces and removing waste areas |
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Scoop |
A small shovel made of thin metal, used for picking up gems |
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Scratch |
A linear scrape, normally seen as a fine, curved or straight white line |
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Sedimentary Rock |
Rock produced from the eroded and weathered remains of existing rocks |
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Show Points |
Spots of color near the surface of a Jadeite boulder, where the skin is thin enough to allow color to show through |
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Sieve Set |
Set of circular plates, each punched with precisely sized holes, used to sort small round gems by size |
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Signet |
A table-cut gem with a flat or slightly domed top and sometimes a carved design, typically set in men's rings and cuff links |
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Silk |
Group of fine needle-like inclusions |
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Slocum Stone |
An opal imitation made of glass that appeared in the late 1970s |
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Smoke Treatment |
Heating a wrapped Opal until smoke or ash penetrates its surface to darken it and bring out its play-of-color |
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Sorting Pad |
A neutrally colored pad of paper on which dealers sort and show gems |
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Source |
A gem producing area or a particular mine in that area |
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Surface Modification |
Altering a gem's appearance by applying backings, coatings or coloring agents like paint |
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Symmetry |
The precision and balance of the corresponding parts of a finished gem |
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Table Facet |
Facet at the top of the crown, usually the largest facet on the stone |
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Three-quarter-cut |
Cultured pearl with any unsightly portion cut or ground off |
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Tone |
Degree of lightness or darkness of a color |
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Tourmalinated Quartz |
A type of Sagenitic Quartz containing needle-like or rod-like tourmaline inclusions |
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Trade Terms |
Terms often used in the jewelry industry to describe particular gemstone colors or link gems with specific geographic locations |
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Treatment |
Any human-controlled process beyond cutting and polishing that improves the appearance, durability or value of a gem |
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Type-A Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite enhanced only with a surface coating of wax |
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Type-B Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite that's bleached in acid to remove undesirable staining, then impregnated with wax or polymers |
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Spiderweb Turquoise |
Turquoise that contains matrix in thin, web-like patterns |
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Stabilized Turquoise |
A trade term for polymer-Impregnated Turquoise |
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Step Cut |
A cutting style with mainly square and rectangular facets arranged in concentric rows |
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Strand |
A simple necklace typically composed of pearls Also pearls very close to the same size strung without a clasp for wholesale marketing |
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Style |
The arrangement of a stone's facets |
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Subduction |
A process that occurs when two of the earth's plates collide, forcing one under the other |
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Sugar Treatment |
Soaking an Opal in a hot sugar solution and then in sulfuric acid to darken it and bring out its play-of-color |
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Sun Spangles |
Circular marks sometimes left in Amber when treaters heat and oil it |
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Surface Characteristics |
Blemishes or irregularities confined to a pearl's surface |
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Type-C Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite that's dyed and often bleached and impregnated with wax or polymers |
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Type-C Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite that's dyed and often bleached and impregnated with wax or polymers |
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Uniform Strand |
A necklace featuring pearls that are very nearly the same size |
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Type-C Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite that's dyed and often bleached and impregnated with wax or polymers |
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Uniform Strand |
A necklace featuring pearls that are very nearly the same size |
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Unintended Color Zoning |
Visible face-up color zoning that the cutter was unable to conceal |
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Type-C Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite that's dyed and often bleached and impregnated with wax or polymers |
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Uniform Strand |
A necklace featuring pearls that are very nearly the same size |
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Unintended Color Zoning |
Visible face-up color zoning that the cutter was unable to conceal |
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Unit Price |
The price per piece |
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Type-C Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite that's dyed and often bleached and impregnated with wax or polymers |
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Uniform Strand |
A necklace featuring pearls that are very nearly the same size |
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Unintended Color Zoning |
Visible face-up color zoning that the cutter was unable to conceal |
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Unit Price |
The price per piece |
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Unplanned Light Leakage |
Light that exists through the pavilion in an uncontrolled way due to compromises in a gem's proportions |
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Type-C Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite that's dyed and often bleached and impregnated with wax or polymers |
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Uniform Strand |
A necklace featuring pearls that are very nearly the same size |
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Unintended Color Zoning |
Visible face-up color zoning that the cutter was unable to conceal |
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Unit Price |
The price per piece |
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Unplanned Light Leakage |
Light that exists through the pavilion in an uncontrolled way due to compromises in a gem's proportions |
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Value Factors |
Features used to judge the quality and value of pearls |
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Type-C Jadeite |
Natural Jadeite that's dyed and often bleached and impregnated with wax or polymers |
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Uniform Strand |
A necklace featuring pearls that are very nearly the same size |
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Unintended Color Zoning |
Visible face-up color zoning that the cutter was unable to conceal |
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Unit Price |
The price per piece |
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Unplanned Light Leakage |
Light that exists through the pavilion in an uncontrolled way due to compromises in a gem's proportions |
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Value Factors |
Features used to judge the quality and value of pearls |
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Vein |
A mineral deposit that occupies an existing fissure or fracture in the rock |
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Volcanic |
Pertaining to igneous activity at the earth's surface, where magma erupts through a volcano or a fissure |
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Volcanic |
Pertaining to igneous activity at the earth's surface, where magma erupts through a volcano or a fissure |
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Watermelon Tourmaline |
A Tourmaline, usually Elbaite, with color zoning made up of a pink central zone surrounded by a green overgrowth |
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Volcanic |
Pertaining to igneous activity at the earth's surface, where magma erupts through a volcano or a fissure |
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Watermelon Tourmaline |
A Tourmaline, usually Elbaite, with color zoning made up of a pink central zone surrounded by a green overgrowth |
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Wholesaler |
A company or individual that supplies gems to jewelry manufacturers and retailers |
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Volcanic |
Pertaining to igneous activity at the earth's surface, where magma erupts through a volcano or a fissure |
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Watermelon Tourmaline |
A Tourmaline, usually Elbaite, with color zoning made up of a pink central zone surrounded by a green overgrowth |
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Wholesaler |
A company or individual that supplies gems to jewelry manufacturers and retailers |
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Window |
An area of weak saturation in a transparent gemstone's Bodycolor that usually results from the way a gem was cut |
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Volcanic |
Pertaining to igneous activity at the earth's surface, where magma erupts through a volcano or a fissure |
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Watermelon Tourmaline |
A Tourmaline, usually Elbaite, with color zoning made up of a pink central zone surrounded by a green overgrowth |
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Wholesaler |
A company or individual that supplies gems to jewelry manufacturers and retailers |
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Window |
An area of weak saturation in a transparent gemstone's Bodycolor that usually results from the way a gem was cut |
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Xenocryst |
A "foreign crystal" that formed in unrelated rocks and was brought to the surface as a passenger in magma |
