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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Head of the Tabeguache band of Utes who signed the 1868 treaty giving away most central Colorado Ute lands and who encouraged farming as a way for his people to retain some of their traditional lands.
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Ouray |
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Arapaho chief who was killed by Chivington’s Colorado Third Militia at Sand Creek on November 29, 1864.
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White Antelope |
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Comanche chief who raided Spanish settlements in southern Colorado in the 1770s.
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Cuerno Verde (Green Horn) |
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Cheyenne wife of William Bent who helped keep Bent’s Fort well supplied with buffalo hides.
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Owl Woman |
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Ute chief defeated by U.S. troops north of Poncha Pass in April 1855 in retaliation for the Christmas Day 1854 Fort Pueblo Massacre.
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Chief Tierra Blanca |
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Spanish founder of New Mexico who harshly put down the Acoma uprising in 1599.
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Juan De Onate |
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Spanish governor and frontier commander who, in 1779, ambushed the Comanches in the foothills south of modern-day Pueblo, Colorado and eventually forced them to make peace in 1786.
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Juan Bautista de Anza |
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Spanish explorer who found evidence of French influence in present-day Colorado during an expedition north of New Mexico between 1664 and 1680.
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Juan de Archuleta
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Founded the new Spanish province of San Luis along the Arkansas River in southern Colorado in 1706 when he discovered several villages of friendly agricultural Apaches.
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Juan de Ulibarrí
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Spanish trader who ventured through the San Juan Mountains and along the Gunnison River in search of minerals and trade in 1765.
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Juan María de Rivera
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The Bent brother who became the American governor of New Mexico Territory and was murdered by an uprising among the Pueblo peoples of Taos.
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Charles Bent
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Missouri trader who initiated American trade with Mexico in Santa Fe in the fall and winter of 1821-22 opening up the Santa Fe Trail which cut through the Southeast corner of the future state.
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William Becknell
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American supplier of the fur trade in the Taos/Santa Fe area who originally came from St. Louis but became a Mexican citizen in the 1820s in order to better facilitate his commercial dealings.
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Ceran St. Vrain
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American trader who spent part of a year in Colorado prior to arriving in Santa Fe in June 1805 only to be held by Spanish authorities who did not allow him to return to Missouri.
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James Purcell
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Principal early rival of the Bent brothers who built trading posts on the Arkansas River near the mouth of the Purgatoire and a few miles upriver from Fountain Creek.
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John Gantt
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The Pennsylvania-born businessman and politician who came to Colorado in late 1858 and organized the Denver City Town Company.
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William H. Larimer
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Founder of the "Rocky Mountain News"—the first newspaper in Denver in 1859.
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William N. Byers
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The leader of the Georgia prospecting party that discovered gold in the South Platte River in 1858.
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William Green Russell
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The first Colorado territorial governor, a loyal Republican who promoted the West for public good and private gain.
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William Gilpin
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Founder and developer of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad.
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William Jackson Palmer
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Captain in the Colorado Third who refused to participate in the Sand Creek Massacre and reported on the atrocities he witnessed there only to be murdered in Denver by a Chivington supporter several months later.
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Silas Soule
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Leader of the American army that traveled the Santa Fe Trail through Colorado in 1846 as the United States went to war with the Republic of Mexico.
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Stephen Watts Kearny
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Commander of Fort Lyon through mid-November 1864 who thought he was providing a safe place for the non-hostile Arapahos and Cheyennes forty miles north of the fort on Sand Creek.
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Edward W. Wynkoop
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U.S. major who was killed by White River Agency Utes when he led his troops to quell an uprising there in September 1879.
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Thomas T. Thornburgh
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Leader of U.S. troops that held off a large number of Northern Cheyennes and Sioux at Beecher Island, south of Wray, in September 1868.
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George A. Forsyth
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This early nineteenth-century Hispanic settlement pattern in southern Colorado east of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains featured low adobe sheds, workshops, and houses built in a circle to form small fortresses.
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Placitas |
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The first permanent Hispanic settlement in what would become the state of Colorado begun by Taos families in 1851.
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San Luis |
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Usually a family patriarch or large land holder who acted as the representative of his southern Colorado Hispanic village to the Anglo authorities of the territory or state.
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patron |
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The first of the major New Mexican land grants that would be predominantly in the future state of Colorado.
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Conejos Grant |
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Terraces of houses that flanked the roads to the early Hispanic plazas in southern Colorado.
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corrilleras |
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The rapid populating of the location of the first major Colorado mountain gold strike along the North Fork of Clear Creek.
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"Gregory Fever" |
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Organizations that registered and verified land holdings related to town sites, farm and timber lands, and mines.
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claim clubs |
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Gold-bearing soils that do not allow for easy extraction of the precious metal.
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refractory ores |
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These “instant governments” established the bases for making mining claims and the processes for solving disputes through arbitration boards.
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mining districts |
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Early rival to Auraria along the South Platte that disappeared when Charles Nichols signed over his claim to William H. Larimer.
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the St. Charles Town Association |
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Organized and promoted by John Evans, David Moffat, and Walter S. Cheesman, this railroad linked Denver with Cheyenne.
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the Denver Pacific Railroad |
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The line, from Kansas City to Denver, that was engineered by William Jackson Palmer and completed in 1870.
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the Kansas Pacific Railroad |
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This railroad began serving Colorado when a line was built up the Arkansas River to Pueblo in 1876.
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Atchison, Topeka, Santa Fe |
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Promoted by William Loveland, this railroad linked Boulder, Longmont, and Fort Collins to the Union Pacific at Cheyenne in 1877.
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the Colorado Central Railroad |
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Route between Denver and Buena Vista opened in 1879 that supplemented the Denver and Rio Grande’s service to Colorado’s mountain mining communities.
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the Denver, South Park, and Pacific |
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One of the first exposes of federal Indian policy, this book was published by a Colorado resident in 1881.
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"A Century of Dishonor" |
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This treaty allocated most of eastern Colorado to the Cheyennes and Arapahos.
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the Treaty of Fort Laramie |
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Ute Indian Agency in northwestern Colorado where traditional Ute ways changed very little until after the arrival of Nathan Meeker in 1878.
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the White River Agency |
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This treaty significantly reduced the Cheyenne and Arapaho- held lands in Colorado mainly to a few thousand square miles north of the Arkansas River.
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the Treaty of Fort Wise |
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This 1866 arrangement saw the Utes relinquish over half of their land in Colorado.
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the Bruno Agreement |
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Subterranean circular structures used by the Ancestral Puebloans for ceremonial purposes dating from the AD 750 to 900 period.
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kivas |
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Civil War battle in New Mexico Territory in which the First Colorado Volunteer Militia defeated the Texas troops bent on acquiring Colorado Territory and its wealthy mineral resources.
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Glorieta Pass |
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Nathaniel Hill’s New England-financed ore-processing company begun in Black Hawk in 1868.
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the Boston and Colorado Smelter |
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The last major battle on the Colorado plains where US forces defeated the Cheyennes under Chief Tall Bull.
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the Battle of Summit Springs |
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The Spanish-American treaty that left most of what would become Colorado in Spanish hands including the southern plains, most of the mountains, and the western plateau country.
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the Adams-Onis Treaty |
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He extensively explored portions of Colorado in the 1840s from the Front Range to the San Juans where he lost 10 of his 33 men to exposure and starvation in the winter of 1848.
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John C. Fremont |
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The leader of the American expedition that "discovered" Grand Mountain in November 1806.
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Zebulon Pike |
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Leader of the U.S. Army that used the Arkansas River as the route to occupy New Mexico and California in 1846.
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Stephen Watts Kearny |
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Surveyor whose 1877 "Geological and Geographical Atlas of Colorado and Portions of Adjacent Territory" gave the first thorough geographical analysis of Colorado's portion of the Rocky Mountain West.
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Ferdinand V. Hayden |
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Leader of an 1820 U.S. expedition who named the high plains of Colorado, the Great American Desert.
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Stephen H. Long |
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The 1932 Dent archaeological discovery
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confirmed a human presence in Colorado from around 11,000 years ago.
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Mesa Verde’s Cliff Palace is an example of
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the architectural achievements of the Ancestral Puebloans.
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Wickiups were temporary residential structures use by the
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Utes
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Which Native American tribe allied themselves with the French to harass the Spanish settlers and their Indian allies in northern New Mexico?
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the Pawnee
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What effect did the introduction of horses have on the Native peoples of Colorado?
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Tribes such as the Cheyennes and Arapahos saw the rise of highly mobile warrior-hunters who often brought instability to the traditional tribal power structures and the intertribal relations in the region.
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The first American claim to what is now Colorado came when
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the United States purchased Louisiana from the French in 1803.
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The Bent brothers, Charles and William, established their trading post fort
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on the Arkansas River to be on the route of the Santa Fe Trail.
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The early nineteenth-century Hispanic settlement pattern in southern Colorado east of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains featured low adobe sheds, workshops, and houses built in a circle to form small fortresses, also known as
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placitas.
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Los Hermanos Penitentes was
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a controversial religious order that practiced extreme self-privation in Holy Week reenactments.
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What caused the “Trinidad War”?
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The violent aftermath (one Mexican American shot and killed) of a wrestling match in which an Anglo broke the leg of his Hispanic opponent.
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Took in boarders in Denver in 1859 before her husband struck it rich in mining.
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Augusta Tabor
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The Pennsylvania-born businessman and politician who came to Colorado in late 1858 and organized the Denver City Town Company.
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William H. Larimer |
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The leader of the Georgia prospecting party that discovered gold in the South Platte River in 1858.
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William Green Russell |
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The first white woman to climb Pike’s Peak in 1859.
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Julia Archibald Holmes |
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Founder of the Rocky Mountain News—the first newspaper in Denver in 1859.
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William N. Byers |
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What Colorado city laid claim to the territorial capital from 1862 to 1867?
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Golden |
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Who was the Brown University chemistry professor who founded the Boston and Colorado Smelter in Black Hawk in 1868?
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Nathaniel Hill |
