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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parasympathetic actions include -------cardia and negative ----- effect
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brady
inotrophic |
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why bradycardia in parasympathetic
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M2 inhibit firing rate of SA node
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t/f
parasym dilates bronchiles |
f
constrict |
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parasym increases/decreases secretions
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increases
via M3 |
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t/f
parasym increase gastric motility and secretion |
t
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t/f
parasympathetic relax the bladder, constrict sphincters |
f
parasym constrict bladder, relax sphincters |
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para increase/decrease secretions, salivation, sweating, lacrimation
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increase
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t/f
para dilate pupil |
f
constrict pupil (miosis) |
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t/f
parasym causes accomadation |
t
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ACH is taken back up into the vesicles
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f
it's metabolized |
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ach is metabolized by?
into? |
AChE
into choline and acetate |
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what happens to the choline
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goes back into the nerve terminal and repackaged
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what happens to the acetate
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it goes back into the kreb cycle
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what's voltage dependent
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Ca
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Ca helps bind --- w/ the membrane
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vesicles
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ach is metabolized by?
into? |
AChE
into choline and acetate |
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what happens to the choline
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goes back into the nerve terminal and repackaged
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what happens to the acetate
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it goes back into the kreb cycle
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what's voltage dependent
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Ca
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Ca helps bind --- w/ the membrane
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vesicles
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how does choline get inside synapse
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via active transport
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what enzymes binds choline w/ acetyl CoA
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CAT
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once Ach formed what happens
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taken up into vesicles
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when will ACH released into the synapse
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once it binds w/ the membrane
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two types of cholinesterase
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acetylcholinesterase
butyrylcholinesterase |
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where's acetlychlinesterase found
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in RBC's
nerves muscle placenta |
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where's butyrylcholinersterase found
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plasma
liver skin |
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butyrylcholinesterase aka
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pseudocholinesterase
plasmacholinesterase |
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why can't you find ACH in the blood
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cuz it's metabolized by butyrlcholinesterase
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t/f
utyrlcholinesterase has more affinity for butyl group and will not metabolize an ACH |
f
it will also metabolize ACH |
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ACH given via IV or Oral
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f
cuz it'll be metabolized right away |
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fastest enzyme
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acetylcholinesterase
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these agents prevents release of ACH
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botulism toxin
metacholine Mg |
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this interferese w/ synthesis of ACH
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hemicholinium
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effects of hemicholinium
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blocks choline uptake
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the effects of botulism toxin, metacholine, Mg
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anticholinergic
(mech:prevent release) |
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these enhance release of ACH
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B-Bungratoxin
Black widow venom |
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how doe the enhanced release of ACH work
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by too much muscle contraction
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atropine, d tubocurarie, hexamethonium, and a bungratoxin works by what mechanism
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block postysynaptic receptors
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effects of atropine, d tubocurarie, hexamethonium, and a bungratoxin
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antimuscarinic paralysis
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what inhibits acetylcholinesterase
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physostigmine
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effects of physostigmine
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enhance cholinergic fx
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Nicotinice have effects on --- ---
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ion channels
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which Muscarnic activate IP3 and DAG
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M1
M3 M5 |
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which de rease camp
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M2
M4 |
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every --- muscle is innervated , so there's a tight control over the muscle
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skeletal
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---- muscle cells are not individually innervated
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smooth
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how different types of M
N |
M: 5
N: 2 |
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nicotinic recpetor stimulated by ---
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nicotine
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what inhibits nicotinic receptorm
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curare
trimethaphan |
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--- ion channel in nicotinic receptor
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Na+
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how many subunits on nicotinic
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5
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which subunit does Ach bind go
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alpha
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name the 5 subunits
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2 alpha
1 gamma 1 delta 1 beta |
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the subunits on the muscle
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2 a
1 B 1 gamma 1 delta |
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the neural subunits
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a3 x 2
B4 x 3 |
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how many alpha subunits are there
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8
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how many beta subunits are there
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3
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muscarinic receptors are --- coupled
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G
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what are the G coupled receptors on muscarinic
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Gi
Gq/11 |
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muscarinic have 7 membrane ----- units
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spanning
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what activates the muscarinic receptors
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muscarine
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what inhibits muscarinic receptors
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atropine
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acetylcholine is a --- cholinergic agonist
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direct
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acetylcholine is used ---- to cause miosis
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topically
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duration of acetylcholine
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short acting
10 min |
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aceylcholine works on muscarinic only
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f
nicotinic and muscarinic |
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what will acetylcholine interfere w/ in the eye
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accomadation
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nicotine is a direct ---- agonist
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cholinergic
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nicotine stimulates ----, --- ---
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ganglia
adrenal medulla |
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nicotine works on the --- ----
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skeletal muscle
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why does ach only work for 10 min in the eye
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cuz you have esterases there
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nicotine will stimulate the --- ganglionic cell
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post
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nicotien will increase the activity of what
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whatever the predominant tone is
it works on both sym and para, but it will enchance whatever's working most |
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tx uses of nicotine
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nicotine withdrawal
ulcerative colitis |
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route of nicotine patches?
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patches
gum |
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route of ulcerative colitis
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patches
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side effects of nicotine
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tremors
convulsions respiratory paralysis ctz stimulant |
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ctz aka
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chemorecptor trigger zone
causes you to vomit; to get rid of toxins |
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what meds is used to test for airway responsiveness in asthmatics
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methacholine
caution cuz in asthmatics there might be an exaggerated response |
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what receptors do methcholine work on
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M3
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carbachol is a --- cholinergic agonist
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direct
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t/f
carbachol has only nicotinic effects |
f
nicotinic and muscarinic |
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carbachol is resistant to ----
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ACHE
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carbachol stimulate --- and -----
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GI
Bladder |
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when is carbachol give
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post op to stimulate the GI and Bladder
to get out of atony |
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carbacol is used in ---- ---
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urinary retention
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in the eye carbachol is used to tx ----
can cause ---- |
gluacoma
miosis |
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cholinergic agonist used to contract the --- muscle
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circular
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why contract the cirucular muscle?
what's the problem w/ this |
contract to pull trabecular meshwork to increase spance and increase outflow
however, this can tear the muscle |
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bethanechol is a --- muscarinic
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selective
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bethanechol is resistant to ----
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ACHE
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bethanechol is a -- and ----- simulant
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bowel
bladder |
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bethanechol is a --- stimulant
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urinary
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se of bethanechol
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sweating
salivation bronchospasm accomadation problems |
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arecholine is a --- alkaloid
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natural
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t/f
arecholine has both nicotinic and muscarinic activity |
t
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t/f
arecholine has ACHE activity |
f
no activity |
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what disease might arecholine be useful for
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alzheimer's disease
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muscarine is from
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amantia muscarina: mushroom
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muscarine has --- activity
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muscarinic
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does muscarinic have ACHE activity
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no
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what's muscarine used for
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experimental use only
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in alzheimer's you loose the ---neurons
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cholinergic
so give arecholine; ACHE blocked, so more ACH |
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pilocarpine is a natural ---
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alkaloid
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t/f
pilocarpine has nicotinic activity |
f
muscarinic |
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what does pilocarpine stimulate
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sweat glands
salivary glands gastric glands |
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does pilocarpine cross the BBB
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yes
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uses of pilocarpine
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glaucoma
GI xerostomia maybe alzheimer's disease |
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this is a plastic insert into the eye; gives sustained delivery system of pilocarpine
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ocucert
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general toxicity of direch cholinergic agoinst
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salivation
lacrimation urination defecation sweating visual probs miosis bradycardia, hypotension |
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SLUD
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Salivation
Lacrimation Urination Defecation |
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contraindications in direct cholinergics
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asthmatics
hyperthyroid MI Peptic Ulcers |
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why watch out w/ MI and direct cholinergic agonist
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lowers HR------> blood flow ----->MI
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why should you be cautious w/ a pt who's has hyperthyroid and taking a cholinergic agonist
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w/ hyperthyroid: more beta's
cholinergic will decrease HR (M2, M3); so another part of the heart will act like a pacemaker, this can lead to arrhythmia's such a fib or v fib |
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why be careful w/ cholinergic agonist and peptic ulcers
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due to increase acid production
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