Cology, Abx Tx 3, Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Front 1

protein synthesis inhibitors

Back 1

aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

glycylycycline

macrolides

lincosamides

chloramphenicol

streptogramins

oxazolidinones

mupirocin

Front 2

protein synthesis inibitors interact w/ -- to inhibit protein synthesis

Back 2

ribosome

Front 3

bac cell walls have -- and --- subunits of ribosome

Back 3

30's

50's

Front 4

mammalian cells have ---- and --- subunits

Back 4

40s

50s

Front 5

most bacterio----- except aminoglycosides and mupirocin

Back 5

bacteriostatic

Front 6

aminoglycosdides bind to both -- and --- subunits

Back 6

30

50

Front 7

tetracycline and spectinomycin bind to -- subunits

Back 7

30

Front 8

macrolides, chloramphenicol, streptogramins, and lincosamide bind the --subunit

Back 8

50s

Front 9

-- prevent formation of the 70s

Back 9

linezolid

Front 10

mupirocin binds --- ---

Back 10

transfer RNA

Front 11

protein synthesis:

meth --- --- initiates synthesis by binding to p-site

Back 11

t-RNA

Front 12

protein synthesis:

tRNA binds to the -- site and a peptide bond is formed

Back 12

A

Front 13

after the tRNA leaves the P site what occurs

Back 13

peptide shifts from A to P site

new t-RNA binds

Front 14

when the stop codon binds waht occurs

Back 14

peptide released and ribosome dissociates

Front 15

amino prevents initiation of --- --- from binding

Back 15

meth-t-RNA

Front 16

amino binds to interfere btw -- and -- subunits

Back 16

30

50

Front 17

amino distorts ---

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codons

Front 18

amino enchanes early breakdown of --- unit

Back 18

ribosomal

Front 19

tetracycline binds 30s subunit to prevent t-RNA from binding to the -- site

Back 19

A

Front 20

tetra prevents elongation of ----

Back 20

peptide

Front 21

tetra binding reversible/irreversible

Back 21

reversible

when drug gone synthesis resumes

Front 22

macrolides binds to the 50 subunits to interfere w/ the --- ---

Back 22

initiation complex

Front 23

macrolides interfere w/ transfer of :

Back 23

peptide t-RNa complex from site A to P site

Front 24

macrolides prevents ---

Back 24

elongation

Front 25

ketolides binds to 50's subunits and interferes w/ --- ----

Back 25

initiation complex

Front 26

ketolides interferes w/ transfer of ------ complex from site A to P site

Back 26

peptide t-RNA

Front 27

ketolides prevents ---

Back 27

elongation

Front 28

lincosamide binds to -- subunit
and interferes w/ -- ----

Back 28

50's

initiation complex

Front 29

lincosamide site very close to -- and ---

Back 29

macrolides

chlorampehnicol

Front 30

lincosamides prevents ----

Back 30

elongation

Front 31

chloramphenicol binds 50s subnits and inhibits bond formation btw -- adn new ----

Back 31

peptide

amino acid

Front 32

t/f

chlorampehnicol bindind is irreversible

Back 32

f

reversible

Front 33

streptogramins binds to -- subunits

Back 33

50s

Front 34

dalfopristin prevents ---- bond formation

Back 34

peptide (inhibits peptidyltranserase, early termination)

Front 35

quinupristin inhibits ---- -----

Back 35

t-RNA synthesis

(inhibits elongation, early termination)

Front 36

linezolid binds specific ---- ribosomal dna on -- subunit

prevents formation of functional --- ribosomal unit

Back 36

23s

50s

70s

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mupirocin inibits -------

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isoleucyl-t-RNA synthase

Front 38

mupirocin prevents incorporation of --- into proteins

Back 38

isoleucine

Front 39

t/f

mupirocin has no x tolerance w/other abx

Back 39

t

Front 40

ex of amino's

Back 40

amikacin

gentamicin

kenamycin

neomycin

netilmicin

tobramycin

streptomycin (plague)

Front 41

amino's used to tx gram -- bacilli, and aerobic/anaerobic bacteria

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negative

aerobic

Front 42

amino's are bacteri---

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bactericidal

Front 43

amino is --- dependent killing

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concentration

Front 44

amino are --- in body fluids

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ionized

Front 45

t/f

amino are readily absorbed

Back 45

f

(ionized in bodily fluids)

Front 46

amino eliminated by

Back 46

glomerular filtration

so modify dose w/ kidney fx

Front 47

amino used in combo in ----- ---- - -

Back 47

serious infections

sepsis

pneumonia

endocarditis

Front 48

why combine amino w/ b lactam

Back 48

to increase bacterial uptake

Front 49

amino's can accumulate in -- tubule

inhibits ----synthesis

Back 49

proximal

prostaglandins

Front 50

amino damages -- ---cells

Back 50

brush border

Front 51

incidence of amino toxicity r/t

Back 51

age

total dose

females >males

duration of tx

Front 52

what can increase amino toxicity

Back 52

cisplatin

cyclosporine

other nephrotoxins

Front 53

what can increase ototoxicity w/ amino's

Back 53

cisplatin

Front 54

t/f

ototoxicity is not permanent

Back 54

f

can be permanent

Front 55

ototoxicity affects -- and ---

Back 55

auditory

vestibular

Front 56

ototoxicity occurs due to ---- administration, --- dose

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prolonged

increase

Front 57

continued loss of hearing w/ amino w/

Back 57

repeated doses

Front 58

what can potentiate ototoxicity

Back 58

ethacryni acid

furosemide

cisplatin

other ototoxins

Front 59

3 hypothesis that play in role in amino toxicity

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ca hypothesis

free radical

nmda hypothesis

Front 60

ca hypothesis:

amino's interfere w/ ca and --polarize/-- polarize

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over/hyper

Front 61

free radical hypothesis w/ amino toxicity: interact w/ --- to form ---- and ---- ---- ---

Back 61

Fe

superoxide

hydroxyl free radicals

Front 62

nmda hypothesis of amino tox:

-- causes excitatory

Back 62

glutamate

Front 63

amino blocsk --- release of ca

Back 63

presynaptic

Front 64

amino's ci in

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myasthenia gravis

Front 65

amino enchane --- ---- in sx

Back 65

neuromuscular blockade

Front 66

amino resistance due to -- acquired, aminoglycoside --- enzyme

Back 66

plasmid

modifying

Front 67

amino resisance due to altered -- into bacteria

altered ----

Back 67

transport

ribosome

Front 68

tetracyclines tx gram ---

anaerobes/aerobes

--

---

---

Back 68

gram pos and neg

anaerobes

aerobes

rikettsia

chlamydia

lyme's disease

Front 69

tetrac bacterio---

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bacteriostatic

Front 70

route of tetra

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oral

parenteral

Front 71

tetracycline enter bacteria by -- and ---- ---

Back 71

diffusion

active transport

(prevent this and u have resistence)

Front 72

tetracyclines used for

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acne

Front 73

what impairs tetracyc absorption

Back 73

mild

antacids

chelate divalent cations

(tetra bind to ca)

Front 74

tetrac

enters the ---

crosses ----

found in

Back 74

x: CNS

placenta

breast milk

Front 75

tetra is eliminated by

Back 75

glomerular filtration

biliary excretion (some)

Front 76

doxycycline mainly excreted in ---; some ---

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feces

renal

Front 77

toxicity of tetra:

-- disturbances

-- sensitivity

-- infections

effects -- and ------

----/--- toxicity

--- disturbances

--- rxns

Back 77

GI

photsensitivity

super-infections

stains bones and teeths

renal/hepatic toxicity

vestibular disturbances

hypersensitivity

Front 78

resistance to tetra:

-- mediated: addition of active -- transporters

Back 78

plasmid

efflux

Front 79

resistance to tetra:

--- produced protection protein displaces tetrac

Back 79

ribosomal

Front 80

resistance to tetra:

increased --- activity

Back 80

enzymatic

Front 81

cross-resistance of tetra depends on mechanism of -----

Back 81

resistnace

Front 82

ex of glycylcycline

Back 82

tigecycline

Front 83

tigecycline r/t

Back 83

minocycline

Front 84

tigecycline route

Back 84

iv

Front 85

tigecycline mainly excreted in

Back 85

bile

urine

(unchanged)

Front 86

tigecycline used in complicated --- structure and --- infections

effective in other ---- resistant organisms

Back 86

skin

intraabd

tetracycyline

Front 87

tox to tigecycline

Back 87

similar to other tetra's

Front 88

macrolides tx gram ---

cocci/bacilli

---

----

Back 88

gram positive

cocci

bacilli

chylamidia

legionella

Front 89

ex of macrolides

Back 89

erythomycin

clarithomycin

azithromycin

Front 90

clarithromycin has ----

azithromycins has what sturutural feature

Back 90

clari: OCH3

Azit: N-CH3

Front 91

macrolides inactived by

Back 91

acid. . . enteric coated tabs

Front 92

macrolides excreted via

Back 92

biliary

Front 93

t/f

marolides x bbb

Back 93

f

crosses placenta

NOT xBBB

Front 94

toxicity of macrolides:

--- hepatitis

--- rxn

-- disturbances

-----, -- loss, reversible/irreversible

Back 94

cholestatic

sensitivity

GI

tinnitus

hearing

reversible

Front 95

Erythromicin can cuase QT prolongation w/ ---, --------

Back 95

antihistamines

ketoconazole

Front 96

ketolides interferes w/ transfer of ------ complex from site A to P site

Back 96

peptide t-RNA

Front 97

ketolides prevents ---

Back 97

elongation

Front 98

lincosamide binds to -- subunit
and interferes w/ -- ----

Back 98

50's

initiation complex

Front 99

lincosamide site very close to -- and ---

Back 99

macrolides

chlorampehnicol

Front 100

lincosamides prevents ----

Back 100

elongation

Front 101

what macrolides inihbit cyp3A4

Back 101

Eryth

claritho

(affects thophylline, warfarin, digoxin)

Front 102

clarit is used for

Back 102

H pylori

Front 103

azith is usedfor

Back 103

h influ

Front 104

cwhich macrolides used to tx mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Back 104

clarithromycin

azithromycin

Front 105

reisistance of macrolides due to

--- --- out of bacteria

decreased binding of ----

increased ---

50s ribosomal ---

Back 105

active transport

ribosome

metabolism

mutations

Front 106

ex of ketolide

Back 106

telithromycin

Front 107

telithromycin is a semi-synthetic derrivated of ---

Back 107

erythromycin

Front 108

ketolide similear abx activity to --

Back 108

macrolides

Front 109

telithromycin has less --- and ----- mediated resistance

Back 109

metabolic

efflux

Front 110

telithromycin used for -- --- --

Back 110

community acquired pneumonia

Front 111

telithromycin not used for bronchitis and sinusitus due to:

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hepatic toxicity

Front 112

telithromycin causes visual disturbances due to --- ---

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slow accomadation

Front 113

telithromycin can cause --- coliitis

--- prolongation

-- inhibitor

Back 113

pseudomembranous

Qt

cyp3A4

Front 114

lincosamides used to tx gram ---

aerobic/anaerobic

-- resistant -- and -----

Back 114

gram positive

anaertoci

pcn resistant staph and strep

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lincosamide doc for

Back 115

lung abscess

anaerobic lung

pleural space infection

Front 116

lincosamides used for --- ---

Back 116

streptococcus pyogenes:

necrotizineg fascilitis. . . inhibits toxin production

Front 117

lincosamide is highly -- ---

Back 117

protein bound

Front 118

toxicity of lincoasamide:

Back 118

diarrhea: c diff. . . pseudomembranous colitis

steven's john's

Front 119

resistance of lincosamide due to altered ---

Back 119

metabolism

Front 120

chloramphenicol bacteriacidal for

Back 120

h influenza

strep penumoniae

neisseria miningitidis

(bacteriostatic)

Front 121

what limits the sued of chloramphenicol

Back 121

toxicity

Front 122

resistance of chlorampehnicol due to -- encoded acetlytransferase prevents binding to -----

Back 122

plasmid

ribosome

Front 123

chlorampehnicol causes ---- glucorinidation

Back 123

hepatic . . .gray baby syndrome

Front 124

chlorampehnicol x the:

Back 124

cns

breast mild

placenta

Front 125

toxicity of chlorampehnicol:

--- --- suppression

altered --- maturation

peripheral -------

inhibits --- enzymes

-- rxns

inhibits --- enzymes

Back 125

bone marrow

rbc

peripheral

micorsomal

hypersensitivity

cyp

Front 126

streptogramins is a combo of

Back 126

dalfopristin

quinupristin

Front 127

resistance of streptogramins due to

altered ---- binding

increased ----

Back 127

ribosmal (quinupristin)

metabolism (dalfoprisitin)

Front 128

streptocgramins used for:

Back 128

vanco reisistant e faecium, not acitve against faecalis

methcililn resisitant s aureus and s pyogenenes

Front 129

stretogramins route

Back 129

iv infusion

Front 130

streptogramins toxicity:

inflammation of ---

muscle ----

--/----

interacts w/ cyp ---

elevates serum ---

Back 130

veins, muscle aches

diarrhea/nausea

cyp3A4

transaminase

Front 131

oxazolidonones used for

Back 131

vanco resistant e faecium

nosocomial pneumonia (mrsa, s aureus, s pneumonia)

multi drug resistance

Front 132

route of oxazolidines

Back 132

oral

iv

Front 133

toxicity to oxazolidinones

Back 133

nausea

thrombocytopenia

itiching

nonselective maoi (worry about di)

peripheral neuropath

Front 134

when is mupirocin bacteriostatic

Back 134

at low conc

bacterialcidal at high conc

Front 135

mupirocin route

Back 135

topical cream or ointment

Front 136

mupirocin used for traumatic --- ---- or --- ----

Back 136

traumatic skin lesionns

nasal colonizations w/ meth resistant s aureus

Front 137

ae of mupirocin

Back 137

skin irritation

sensitization