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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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severity |
خطورة,شدة |
I don't think you realize the severity of the problem -a severe cold, headache,illness,pain,etc شديد - i think your criticism for her work was too severe - the roof was severely damaged in the storm بشدة,بقسوة |
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feasibility |
جدوي,قابلية التنفيذ |
- a feasible plan - the feasibility of an undertaking - the committee will study the feasibility of setting up national computer network |
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undertaking |
مشروع,عملية,تعهد,مهمة |
- the feasibility of an undertaking - a risky undertaking - he gave an undertaking that he wouldn't leave the country تعهد,التزام |
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monopoly |
احتكار,سلعة محتكرة |
-British telecom had a monopoly on supplying telephone lines to people's houses -the male monopoly on power in English society - he seems to think that he has a monopoly of brains متفرد بالذكاء |
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candor (n) |
صراحة,اخلاص,لاتحيز |
frankness and sincerity -let us say in candour that.... -candid = frank candidly=frankly - i haven't been completely candid with him -candid interview |
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solidarity |
تضامن,تكافل,تماسك |
- establish a sense of solidarity among a group of people - many local people expressed solidarity with the strikers مضربين |
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conducive |
مفض الي , معين, مساعد,باعث |
this hot weather is not conducive to hard work -conducive to a mood of fanciful reflection. |
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allude |
يشير,يلمح |
-he mentioned no names but we all knew who he was alluding to - the play is full of allusion to classical mythology اساطير كلاسيكية |
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exclusionary |
اقصائي,استبعادي,استثنائي |
exclude يمنع,يستبعد,يستثني,يسقط -the police has excluded the possibilities that the child had runaway -the price exclude all extras such as drinks and salads - exclusionary business practices -....has become less exclusionary in its membership in recent years. |
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controversial |
مثير للجدل , جدلي |
a controversial new law a controversial tv programme a controversial person تختلف حوله الاراء كثيرا -immigration is a controversial issue in many countries - more controversially , he claims that these higher profits cover the cost of finding fresh talent بشكل يثير الجدل -controversial and threatening. |
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momentous |
خطير,هام جدا ,اساسي,بالغ الاهمية |
there have been momentous changes in Eastern Europe in the last few years -momentous and pressing. حرجة وملحة |
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provocative |
استفزازي,مثير جنسيا,محرض,مثير |
-the soldiers fired into the air when the demonstrators behaved provocatively - some adolescents(مراهقين) might be more sexually mature and provocative than others -she smiled provocatively |
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novel |
مستحدث ,مبتكر,جديد,غير مألوف |
-that's a novel idea , let's try it -emphasize how novel the challenge faced by women is. |
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pervasive |
منتشر,عام |
-a pervasive mood of pessimism تشاؤم pessimistic متشائم تشائمي -the pervasive influence of such ideas -pervasiveness قابلية الانتشار |
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Tolerance |
تسامح,تحمل,حلم,سعة صدر |
toleration × intolerance -the rats have tolerance to poisons -the body built up tolerance for the drug -the acceptance and tolerance of other ways tolerably الي حد الاحتمال the weather was tolerably cold -tolerant -they need to be tolerant of different points of view -she had listened tolerantly to his jumbled account -tolerable محتمل(بفتح الميم) -drugs can reduce the pain to a tolerable level tolerate verb the noise was more than she could tolerate -in a democracy we must tolerate opinions that are different from our own |
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forum |
منتدي |
-the organization will provide a forum where problem would be discussed |
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Convene |
يجتمع, يعقد اجتماعا |
-Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre forSpace Engineering Research - last August he convened a meeting of his closet advisers at camp David - the convening of an international peace conference |
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lunar |
قمري |
lunar dust -lunar spacecraft - lunar scientists |
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unveil |
يميط الستار, يكشف الحجاب |
the president unveiled a memorial to those who died in the war نصب تذكاري - to unveil a secret -mr werener unveild his new strategy this week |
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emerging |
ناشئيين,مستجدين |
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habitat (n) |
موطن,بيئة طبيعية |
habitable planetصالح للسكن there is (probably!) no life on asteroids, and thus no habitats to trash يدمر , يخرب |
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vital |
حيوي,مفعم بالحيويةوالنشاط هام , اساسي |
-practise is vital if you want to speake a language well - vital information - vitally important -the have something to say and vital and radical ways of saying it - vital few vs trivial many تافه,طفيف |
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pioneer |
رائد , احد المقيمين الاوائل |
-yuri was on of the pioneers of space exploration -the pioneers of the American west المقيمين الاوائل -..one of the leading pioneers of British photo journalism |
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despoil |
يسلب |
.. people who dispoil the countryside - a landscape dispoiled by coal-mining and heavy industry -Some will argue that space's “magnificent desolation” is not ours to despoil |
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glut (v,n) |
تخمة, وفرة , اكتظاظ |
-the region is glutted with hospitals ممتلئ مشبع مكتظ -there is a glut of agricultural products in western Europe |
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barren |
قاحل,جدب,لا يثمر,عقيم |
-barren environments بيئة قاحلة -barren mountains -he also wants to use the water to irrigate barren desert land -barren wife - the room was austere , nearly barren of furniture or decoration - barrenness جدوبة عقم عدم اثمار a ceremony designed to cure women of barrenness
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abundance |
غزارة , وفرة |
-abundance of goods -to live in abundance وفرة ونعمة - the area has abundance of wildlife حيوانات برية - they exist in vast abundance |
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stewardship |
ادارة,اشراف |
Questions of their stewardship have barely been broached |
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broach |
يفتح موضوعا, يطرق موضوعا |
- have you broached the subject of the money he owes you? -Questions of their stewardship have barely been broached -eventually i broached the subject of her early life |
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the legal and regulatory framework |
الإطار القانوني والتنظيمي |
-the existing legal and regulatory framework |
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fragmentary |
شظوي, كسري, مؤلف من شظايا,متفكك ,غير متكامل |
fragment (v,n) شظية , يتكسر , يكسر - i heared only a fragment of their conversation -the country is becoming increasingly fragmented by civil war متكسرة -and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is fragmentary - any action on the basis of such fragmentary evidence would be foolish |
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mild |
معتدل,لطيف, وديع , سهل المعشر |
he is a very mild man, you never see him get angily a mild winter a mild punishment(not too severe) mild cheese معتدل التوابل -tedy turned to him with a look of mild confusion -i found the talk mildly interesting الي حد ما , قليلا, بشكل خفيف mildly بلين بلطف باعتدال to put it mildly اذا اردنا القصد في الكلام , اذا اردنا تلطيف الكلام - but not all the money,to put mildly, has been used wisely - to say we are disappointed about this is putting it mildly mildness وداعة خفة هدوء - |
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counterpart |
نظير , نسخة مطابقة |
she is my counterpart in our newyork office ( she does the same job that i do here) - the foreign Secretary phoned his italian counterpart to protest - |
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plea |
التماس , رجاء , حجة, رد دفاعي |
a last plea of mercy - his plea in the court that he was not guilty -he declined the invitation on the plea that he was too busy - His plea was that he had not received the bill and therefore he couldn't pay it |
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regulation |
تنظيم, نظام,قانون,لائحة |
it's against the fire regulation to smoke on undergraduate trains - concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided. |
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exploitation |
استغلال , استثمار , تسخير |
they are only paying 3$ per hour that's exploitation -But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit exploitation of space. - exploit (v) يستغل يستثمر -the region has been exploited for oil for fifty years - solar energy is a source of power that needs to be exploited more fully
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for-profit organization |
× nonprofit organization |
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consensus |
اجماع, اتفاق جماعي في رأي |
-to reach a consensus after a long discussion -there is no consensus among experts about the causes of global warming - Without consensus, claims will be disputed |
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disputed |
متنازع عليها |
-Without consensus, claims will be disputed dispute (n,v) جدال شديد,نزاع, خلاف يتنازع ,يخالف,يشك في,يجادل بشدة -the player disputed the referee's decision قرار الحكم - i disputed the charge on the bill -there was some dispute about whose fault it was - a pay dispute -he is in dispute with the tax office
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yield |
ينتج ,يثمر ,يستسلم,يسلم,يخضع |
-did the experiment yield any new information? -It could yield materials important to Earth’s economy. تثمر تنتج - the government refused to yield to the hostage takers' demands = give in = less informal يستسلم يخضع - the army has yielded power to the rebels يسلم (متمردين) - the dam finally yielded under the weight of the water ينحني , ينهار |
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inquiry |
استفسار,استعلام,تحقيق,استجواب |
= enquiry -i had made some inquiries into english language course in oxford - after weeks of inquiry he finally found what he was looking for - this is the most difficult murder inquiry i had to open in the last 25 years - after the accident there were many calls for an inquiry into saftey procedures اجراءات |
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hypothesis |
فرضية,نظرية |
plural >> hypotheses -the hypothesis has been put forward that some chemicals used in food can affect children's behaviors put forward : يطرح -that's a hypothetical question, because we don't know what the situation will be next year -he was invariably بثبات willing to discuss the possibilities hypothetically hypothesise=hypothesize (v) يفترض -to explain this , they hypothesize that galaxies must contain a .... -i have hypothesized a connection between these factors
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reckless |
متهور ,طائش |
reckless driving -recklessly بتهور,بحماقة , دون تفكير بالمخاطر -she loved to ride on horseback ; she was reckless and utterly without fear - he was leaning recklessly out of the unshuttered window - he felt a surge of recklessness اندفاع , تدفق |
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thoughtful |
عميق التفكير , حسن الاهتمام,مفكر |
× thoughtless طائش , اهوج thoughtfully بتفكر , باهتمام × thoughtlessly بدون تفكير,بطيش thoughtfullness تفكر,اهتمام × thoughtlessness طيش -Every time I mentioned Clarissa, he would become thoughtful. - nancy , who had been thoughtful for some time , suddenly spoke مهتم -she had a thoughtful expression on her face -the bottle of wine he had thoughtfully bought for the celebration - i can't tell you how much i appreciate you thoughtfulness -it was thoughtless for her to mention it -they thoughtlessly planned a picnic without him |
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replenish |
يجدد,يزود مجددا , يسد النقص |
-three hundred thousand tons of cereals (cornflakes) are needed to replenish the stocks مخازن - the insurance fund will need to be replenished -such potential may not include replenishing key resources that are disappearing on Earth. الموارد الرئيسية replenishment |
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viability |
قابلية النجاح , قابلية التطبيق, قابلية الحياة والنمو,بقاء,استدامة |
sustainability استدامة -viability of a project -financial viability -economic viability -commercial viability -The long-term viability of its programmes and sustainability are key themes of its activities -Water is perhaps the most fundamental of all environmental resources and key to the viability and long - term sustainability of the world's ecosystems |
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4 words |
maintain, grip , restrain , withstand |
maintain يصون,يحافظ علي,يعيل - to maintain law and order -he had to maintain two children - to maintain a road,building, machine ... يعتني ب
grip يمسك,يقبض علي she gripped my arm in fear - the story really gripped my imagination (figurative,مجازي)
restrain يضبط( الاعصاب,التفس), يكبح - i had to restrain myself from saying something rude - it took a lot of restraint on my part not to hit him (n) ضبط وكبح النفس - withstand يحتمل,يصمد the troops were too weak to withstand another attack |
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reservation |
تحفظ,قيد, حجز |
-we went to a desk to make a reservation reserve يخصص ,يحجز -the car park is reserved for hotel patrons only -to reserve theater ticket - i would recommend her for the job without reservation - i don't share your reservation about the flat , i think it's fine -i told him my main reservation about the film was the ending ملاحظتي
تحفظ =احتراز=احتياط بلا تحفظ = بدون تردد ,بدون احتراس و احتراز, بدون قيد تحفظ في قوله = قيده ولم يطلقه
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bring about |
يحدث,يحقق,يسبب |
cause,result to bring about changes in people's lives -The government has brought about changes in the health service. -it will be difficult to bring about in the absence of regulations. |
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preserve |
يحفظ |
-you can preserve fruit by making it into jam -we will do everything to preserve peace -preservation |
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asteroid |
كويكب,كوكب صغير |
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Planetary |
كوكبي |
Planetary Resources ofWashington |
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prospect |
ينقب,يبحث,يفتش فرصة,احتمال,امل,توقع |
-there is little prospect of better weather before next week -the job offers a good salary and excellent prospects -awful prospect -pleasant prospect - prospective changes in the law متوقع,محتمل -in fact, the oil companies are prospecting not far from here - he was involved in oil, zinc, and lead prospecting - prospectors منقبين |
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perspective |
وجهة نظر , منظور |
-if you go away for a few days you will see everything in a new perspective -things may be less important if viewed in perspective اذا نظر اليها من المنظورية الصحيحة -i would like to offer a historical perspective |
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harvest (n,v) |
يحصد حصاد |
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venture |
مجازفة, مال مغامر به يجازف,يغامر |
-i wish you luck in your new business venture - the company has decided to venture into computer production as well as design |
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spring up |
يطلع فجأة , ينمو بسرعة |
children's play areas springing up everywhere |
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enrich |
يغني , يزيده غنى , يحسن قيمته |
-these cornflakes are enriched with vitamins / vitamin-enriched -he will drain rather than enrich the country |
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commodity |
سلعة,بضاعة |
-salt was once a very valuable commodity - the government increased prices on several basics commodities like bread and meat -water mined from otherworlds could become the most desired commodity. |
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pole |
القطب الشمالي او الجنوبي سارية او عمود |
a flag pole a tent pole خيمة the truck crashed into a telegraph pole there is hardly any light at the poles |
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radiation |
اشعاع |
-radiation shield -to be exposed to radiation معرض للاشعة - if the cancer returns radiation therapy is successful in 90 percent of cases |
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interplanetary |
بين الكواكب, في المجموعة الشمسية |
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concrete |
اسمنت , خرصانة |
- a modern office building of glass and concrete - to concrete يغطي بلاسمنت he merely cleared and concreted the floor -concrete evidence مادي ,حقيقي adj concrete objects مواد حقيقية ملموسة مادية |
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pads |
منصات اطلاق او استقبال(طائرات ومراكب) |
Others want to turn space dirt into concrete for landing pads - launch pads -landing pads |
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flurry |
فورة مفاجئة , نشاط مفاجئ, هطول خفيف مفاجئ |
-flurry of excitement -flurry of proposals -a flurry of diplomatic activity aimed to ending the war -a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth |
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bounty |
مكافأة, جائزة |
-a bounty of 50,000$ was put on his head -they paid bounties for people to give up their weapons - but we all stand to gain: the mineral(معدني) bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all. spin-off فائدة جانبية غير متوقعة |
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sidestep |
يتجنب, يتهرب |
- he was trying to sidestep responsibilty - he made a grab for her but she sidestepped him حاول الامساك بها |
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desolation |
وحشة,كآبة,تعاسة,وحدة |
-he felt utter desolation when his wife died - all the factories closed, leaving the town a sense of desolation -she said the army left desolation and death through the whole of northern morazan - desolate مهجور,موحش,مقفر desolate house desolate land
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pristine |
علي الحالة الاولي,علي صحته, لم يصبه خلل او عطب |
-when the snow began to melt it lost its pristine whiteness - now the house is in pristine condition |
