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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who?
McCarthyism |
Joseph McCarthy
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What?
McCarthyism |
period of intense paranoia and scrutiny
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When? and Where?
McCarthyism |
1950s USA
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Why?
McCarthyism |
During this period people from all walks of life became the subject of aggressive "witch-hunts," often based on inconclusive or questionable evidence.
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Who?
civil defense |
civilians around the world
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What?
civil defense |
Effort to prepare civilians in case of attack
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When? and Where?
civil defense |
1950s and 60s
United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union |
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Why?
civil defense |
People are what rebuilds a country after its destruction and it is therefore important for the economic security of a country to protect its people. Also, reducing fear and uncertainty via civil defense helps people's quality of life and has positive economic benefits.
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Who?
Berlin Blockade |
United States, Soviet Union, West Berlin
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What?
Berlin Blockade |
a land and water blockade of the city that had been instituted by the Soviet Union in the hope that the Allies would be forced to abandon West Berlin.
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When? and Where?
Berlin Blockade |
1948-49 West Berlin
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Why?
Berlin Blockade |
This is the first serious crisis of the Cold War.
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Who?
Iron Curtain |
Winston Churchill
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What?
Iron Curtain |
Term that refers to the boundary that symbolically, ideologically, and physically divided Europe into two separate areas
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When? and Where?
Iron Curtain |
1945-90 Europe
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Why?
Iron Curtain |
Served to keep people in and information out – this metaphor enjoyed wide acceptance in the West
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Who?
Sputnik |
USSR
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What?
Sputnik |
First artificial satellite put into orbit
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When? and Where?
Sputnik |
Oct 1957 Kazahkstan
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Why?
Sputnik |
Coming at the height of the Cold War, this caught the West by surprise, and in the U.S. led to a wave of self-recriminations, the beginning of the space race, and a movement to reform science education.
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When? and Where?
Berlin Blockade |
1948-49 West Berlin
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Why?
Berlin Blockade |
This is the first serious crisis of the Cold War.
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Who?
Iron Curtain |
Winston Churchill
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What?
Iron Curtain |
Term that refers to the boundary that symbolically, ideologically, and physically divided Europe into two separate areas
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When? and Where?
Iron Curtain |
1945-90 Europe
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Why?
Iron Curtain |
Served to keep people in and information out – this metaphor enjoyed wide acceptance in the West
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Who?
Sputnik |
USSR
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What?
Sputnik |
First artificial satellite put into orbit
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When? and Where?
Sputnik |
Oct 1957 Kazahkstan
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Why?
Sputnik |
Coming at the height of the Cold War, this caught the West by surprise, and in the U.S. led to a wave of self-recriminations, the beginning of the space race, and a movement to reform science education.
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Who?
Invasion of Afghanistan |
Afghanistan, U.S.S.R., USA
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What?
Invasion of Afghanistan |
USSR invaded to support a pro-Soviet communist government
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When? and Where?
Invasion of Afghanistan |
1979-88 Afghanistan
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Why?
Invasion of Afghanistan |
The war in Afghanistan had a major impact on domestic politics in the Soviet Union. It was one of the key factors in the de-legitimization of Communist Party rule. Civil society reacted to the intervention by marginalizing the Afghan veterans. The army was demoralized as a result of being perceived as an invader.
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Who?
Strategic Defense Initiative |
United States, President Reagan
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What?
Strategic Defense Initiative |
Space-based systems to protect the US from attack by strategic nuclear missiles (use lasers to shoot down incoming missiles)
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When? and Where?
Strategic Defense Initiative |
March 1983 USA
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Why?
Strategic Defense Initiative |
Contributed to or at least accelerated the fall of the Soviet Union because they could not afford a suitable countermeasure.
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Who?
Iran-Contra Affair |
Ronald Reagan’s administration, Hezbollah, Contras of Nicaragua
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What?
Iran-Contra Affair |
Political scandal – US sold weapons to Iran, an avowed enemy; U.S. diverted proceeds from the sale to the Contras, anti-Communist guerrillas engaged in an insurgency against the elected socialist Sandinista government of Nicaragua. Both the sale of weapons and the funding of the Contras violated stated administration policy as well as legislation passed by the Congress.
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When? and Where?
Iran-Contra Affair |
1980s
USA, Iran, Nicaragua |
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Why?
Iran-Contra Affair |
Raised several questions concerning separation of powers
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Who?
Perestroika |
U.S.S.R., Mikhail Gorbachev
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What?
Perestroika |
Restructuring of the Soviet economy from a command economy to one with aspects of a market economy
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When? and Where?
Perestroika |
1985-86
USSR |
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Why?
Perestroika |
contributed to the economic decline and eventual destruction of the Soviet Union
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Who?
Glasnost |
U.S.S.R., Mikhail Gorbachev
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What?
Glasnost |
the main goal of this policy was to make the country's management transparent and open to debate, to change the former situation where major political and management decisions were made by a narrow circle and were beyond criticism
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When? and Where?
Glasnost |
1985
USSR |
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Why?
Glasnost |
Considered a step toward real democracy in Russia
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Who?
Tiananmen Square |
Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC)
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What?
Tiananmen Square |
Series of student-led demonstrations denouncing China’s economic instability and political corruption
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When? and Where?
Tiananmen Square |
April – June 1989
Beijing, China |
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Why?
Tiananmen Square |
After ignoring government calls to order, the use of military force to resolve the crisis was ordered; many died or were arrested and imprisoned
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Who?
Solidarity |
Lech Walesa
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What?
Solidarity |
Originally a trade union that would grow into a broad-based anti-Communist social movement
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When? and Where?
Solidarity |
1980s
Poland |
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Why?
Solidarity |
Its success sparked off a series of peaceful anti-communist counterrevolutions in Central and Eastern Europe.
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Who?
Guatemala (Operation PBSuccess) |
Guatemala (Arbenz), United States (CIA), United Fruit Company
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What?
Guatemala (Operation PBSuccess) |
a CIA-organized covert operation that overthrew the democratically-elected President of Guatemala – Arbenz whose government put forth a number of new policies that the US intelligence community deemed to be Communist in nature, and, suspected that the Soviet Union was pulling the strings
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When? and Where?
Guatemala (Operation PBSuccess) |
1954
Guatemala |
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Why?
Guatemala (Operation PBSuccess) |
This operation became the de facto model for the overthrow or destabilization of a unfavourable government by the US.
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Who?
Korean War |
North Korea, South Korea, USA, China (PRC)
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What?
Korean War |
Conflict between Communist North Korea and Democratic South Korea
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When? and Where?
Korean War |
1950-1953
Korean Peninsula |
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Why?
Korean War |
First armed confrontation of the Cold War; created the idea of a limited war, where the two superpowers would fight without descending to an all out war that could involve nuclear weapons
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Who?
Marshall Plan |
USA and countries of Western Europe
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What?
Marshall Plan |
Main plan for the reconstruction of Europe after WWII
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When? and Where?
Marshall Plan |
1947-51
Western Europe |
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Why?
Marshall Plan |
allowed the nations of Western Europe to relax austerity measures and rationing, reducing discontent and bringing political stability.
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Who?
Bay of Pigs |
USA (Kennedy), Cuba (Castro)
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What?
Bay of Pigs |
U.S. backed invasion by Cuban exiles intent on overthrowing the Communist government of Fidel Castro
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When? and Where?
Bay of Pigs |
1961
Cuba |
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Why?
Bay of Pigs |
the invasion failed miserably and proved to be a major international embarrassment for the Kennedy administration
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Why?
Marshall Plan |
allowed the nations of Western Europe to relax austerity measures and rationing, reducing discontent and bringing political stability.
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Who?
Bay of Pigs |
USA (Kennedy), Cuba (Castro)
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What?
Bay of Pigs |
U.S. backed invasion by Cuban exiles intent on overthrowing the Communist government of Fidel Castro
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When? and Where?
Bay of Pigs |
1961
Cuba |
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Why?
Bay of Pigs |
the invasion failed miserably and proved to be a major international embarrassment for the Kennedy administration
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Who?
Cuban Missile Crisis |
USA (Kennedy), Cuba (Castro), USSR (Khrushchev)
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What?
Cuban Missile Crisis |
tense confrontation between the USSR and the USA over the Soviet deployment of nuclear missiles in Cuba.
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When? and Where?
Cuban Missile Crisis |
Oct 14 – Nov 20, 1962
Cuba |
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Why?
Cuban Missile Crisis |
regarded as the moment when the Cold War was closest to becoming nuclear war, and which could have turned into World War III.
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Who?
USS Pueblo |
North Korea and U.S.
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What?
USS Pueblo |
environmental research ship that is famous for being boarded and captured by soldiers of North Korea
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When? and Where?
USS Pueblo |
January 23, 1968
the Tsushima Straits in the Sea of Japan |
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Why?
USS Pueblo |
Although all but one of the men thus eventually came home safely, the incident itself symbolized a broader failure of American foreign policy in Asia-an almost casual assumption, evident also in Vietnam, that American military might was invulnerable to the challenge of Asian communists.
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Who?
SALT I and II |
USA (Nixon, Carter) and USSR (Brezhnev)
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What?
SALT I and II |
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks - froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels, and provided for the addition of new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) launchers only after the same number of older intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and SLBM launchers had been dismantled.
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When? and Where?
SALT I and II |
1969-1972 and 1972-1979
Helsinki and Vienna |
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Why?
SALT I and II |
the military and political leadership on both sides had an incentive to reduce their arsenals; however, massive amounts of mistrust on both sides contributed to difficulties with the treaty process.
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What?
Apollo 11 |
United States (Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins)
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Who?
Apollo 11 |
First manned lunar landing
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When? and Where?
Apollo 11 |
July 16, 1969
southern Sea of Tranquility on the surface of the moon |
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Why?
Apollo 11 |
The United States won the space race.
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Who?
Chilean Coup of 1973 |
United States (CIA) and Chile (Allende)
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What?
Chilean Coup of 1973 |
US opposed Allende’s socialist economic policies; growing closeness with Fidel Castro
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When? and Where?
Chilean Coup of 1973 |
Sept 11 1973
Chile |
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Why?
Chilean Coup of 1973 |
Another example of U.S foreign intervention in the internal politics of other countries - The U.S. provided material support to the military regime after the coup, although it criticized them in public.
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Who?
Vietnam War |
North Vietnam, South Vietnam, United States
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What?
Vietnam War |
Communist North Vietnam attacked the southern Republic of Vietnam
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When? and Where?
Vietnam War |
1965-73
Vietnam peninsula |
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Why?
Vietnam War |
The Vietnam war had many long term repercussions for US society and foreign policy; significant in encouraging the belief that mass mobilization and protest can influence government policy.
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Who?
Truman Doctrine |
President Harry Truman
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What?
Truman Doctrine |
Part of the U.S. political response to perceived aggression by the Soviet Union in Europe & the Middle East
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When? and Where?
Truman Doctrine |
Mar 12, 1947 until the end of the Cold War
worldwide response |
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Why?
Truman Doctrine |
American foreign policy now shifted to that of containment of communism - was prepared to send any money, equipment or military force to countries which were threatened by the communist government
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