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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Capitalism
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-private ownership of industry
-freedom of competition -survival of the fittest -laissez-fair: government keeps "hands off" -creates different economic classes |
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Democracy
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-government by the people
-two forms 1. representative 2. direct |
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Socialism
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-government ownership of industry
-created as a reaction to capitalism -goal is to bring economic equality to people -classless society |
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Totalitarianism
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-government by one or a few
-total control over many aspects of people's lives -no freedom of press or speech |
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Equality
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-condition of being equal
-highly valued: basic needs- food, housing, education, and jobs- supplied for all people |
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Cold War
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-period from 1945 to 1991 when the Soviet Union and the United States competed for power and influence in the world
-"Cold" because no direct fighting occurred between the two sides |
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Yalta Conference
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-February 1945- Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill met to discuss post-war Europe
-agreed upon the post-war fate of Germany -to be temporarily split into four zones of occupation -agreed upon the basis of the United Nations |
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Potsdam Conference
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-Truman and Stalin agree to:
-prosecute Nazis for the Holocaust -Stalin agreed to free elections in Poland |
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Iron Curtain
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-when free elections appeared to favor the non-communist, Stalin refused to allow them
-the Soviets tried to control other countries in Eastern Europe -1946- Churchill claimed that an "Iron Curtain" had fallen over Eastern Europe -Iron Curtain: Political or military barrier that isolated Soviet controlled countries in Eastern Europe |
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United Nations #1
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-compromise peace-keeping organization created by Britain, Soviet Union and U.S.
-created in 1945, headquartered in NYC -all nations invited: five given special consideration on Security Council -would determine uses of armed intervention |
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United Nations #2
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-U.S., Britain, France, U.S.S.R., and China were permanent members
-each held a veto power -Fall 1947 -Adopted Resolution 181 (Partition Resolution) |
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United Nations #3
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-Divided Britain's former mandate into Jewish and Arab States
-create a new home for Europe's displaced Jewish Refugees -Israel created May 1948 -Palestinian Arab's refused to recognize this action |
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Israel
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created May 1948 for a new home for Europe's displaced Jewish Refugees
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Berlin Blockade/ Airlift
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-June 2, 1948- Soviets responded to the new West German government by shutting down all railroads and highways into Berlin from Western Zones
-West responded by flying in supplies to blockaded Berliners costing $5 million a day -public perception made Soviets look bad; 10 months later, the blockade ended |
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NATO
(National Atlantic Treaty Organization) |
-after the Berlin Blockade, the U.S. created a defense pact with Western Europe to aid each other in case of an attack
-Along with the Marshall Plan, NATO split Europe |
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NATO Members
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United States, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Greece and Turkey (1952), West Germany (1955), Spain (1983)
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Satellite Nations
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nearby nations controlled by a stronger country
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Warsaw Pact
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-created in 1955 of Soviet satellite nations
-a Soviet defense alliance -a communist NATO Eastern European nations were not allowed to leave the Warsaw Pact |
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Warsaw Pact Members
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U.S.S.R., Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romainia
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Ho Chi Minh
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-lead the struggle for Vietnamese independence from the French
-adopts a communist ideology |
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Mao Zedong
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in 1949, the corrupt democratic government of China was overthrown by Mao Zedong, a Communist
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Truman Doctrine
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-Civil War in Greece. Communist rebels were gaining power.
-Turkey under pressure from the U.S.S.R. for territory -the U.S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures... We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way -the U.S. gave Greece and Turkey $400 million aid to prevent the spread of Communism |
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Marshall Plan
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-plan to rebuild economies of Europe to prevent the spread of Communism
-the U.S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This movie is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos -$12.5 billion of U.S. aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R., but it was rejected |
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Arms Race
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-the Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949
-Truman's National Security Council reported in document NCS68 that Soviet's military was superior and the Soviets desired world domination -as of that moment, national defense was #1 budget item |
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Korean War #1
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-split temporarily after WWII into Communist North and Democratic South
-split at the 38th parallel -in 1950, the North attacked the South to unite the nation under Communism -Truman sent MacArthur to aid South Korea to restore the previous border |
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Korean War #2
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-MacArthur quickly pushed the North Koreans to the Chinese border when the Chinese aided the North to re-establish the 38th parallel as the Korean border
-MacArthur insisted on attacking China and was again stopped |
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Korean #3
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-MacArthur refused to obey the ceasefire and demanded unconditional surrender by Chinese
-Truman fired him |
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Douglas MacArthur
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-Truman sent MacArthur to aid South Korea to restore the previous border
-MacArthur quickly pushed the North Koreans to the Chinese border when the Chinese aided the North to re-establish the 38th parallel as the Korean border -MacArthur insisted on attacking China and was again stopped -MacArthur refused to obey the ceasefire and demanded unconditional surrender by Chinese -Truman fired him |
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38th Parallel
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-North and South Korea were split at the 38th parallel
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