Cold War

Front 1

Conference at which FDR, Stalin, and Churchill met to prepare for the end of the World War II

Back 1

Yalta

Front 2

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin

Back 2

BIG THREE

Front 3

organization created at the end of WWII to maintain peace

Back 3

United Nations

Front 4

term coined by Churchill that describes the division between communist Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe

Back 4

Iron Curtain

Front 5

term for the countries taken over by the Soviet Union

Back 5

satellite nation

Front 6

term for the Eastern European nations controlled by the Soviet Union; meant to serve as a buffer zone

Back 6

Soviet "bloc"

Front 7

began in 1949 when Soviets tested its first atomic bomb; competition between USA and USSR to build more atomic/nuclear weapons than the other

Back 7

arms race

Front 8

ideological competition between western democracies led by the USA and communist countries led by Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991; sometimes resulting in "hot spots" or wars

Back 8

Cold War

Front 9

competition between the US and USSR to be the first to achieve things in space and technology

Back 9

space race

Front 10

first satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union; made USA focus on increasing its math and science programs to compete

Back 10

Sputnik

Front 11

USA gave millions of dollars to Greece and Turkey to better conditions so that communist guerrillas would not be successful

Back 11

Truman Doctrine

Front 12

USA offered billions of dollars to European countries so that they could rebuild after WWII, restore stability, and resist communist influence

Back 12

Marshall Plan

Front 13

military alliance among western democracies; "an attack on one is an attack on all"

Back 13

NATO

Front 14

economic assistance program for his communist satellites started by Stalin in response to Marshall Plan

Back 14

COMECON

Front 15

military alliance among communist nations in Europe; "an attack on one is an attack on all"

Back 15

Warsaw Pact

Front 16

US policy devoted to preventing the spread of communism

Back 16

containment

Front 17

US belief that if one country fell to communism in a region, its neighbors would soon follow

Back 17

domino effect

Front 18

Stalin's attempt to cut off West Berlin from Western Europe; he hoped to make West Berlin communist

Back 18

Berlin Blockade

Front 19

Western Allies flew supplies into West Berlin for a year, breaking Stalin's blockade of Berlin

Back 19

Berlin Airlift

Front 20

erected to physically isolate West Berlin from East Berlin; became the symbol of the Cold War; fell in 1989

Back 20

Berlin Wall

Front 21

policy of neutrality followed by some nations like India; decided not to specifically ally with the US or USSR but would take assistance from either if they offered

Back 21

Nonalignment

Front 22

Took over USSR after Stalin died; began policy of de-Stalinization

Back 22

Khrushchev

Front 23

Soviet policy that stated USSR had the right to intervene and crush any rebellions in their satellite countries

Back 23

Brezhnev Doctrine

Front 24

UN council in which a veto by one of the permanent members can stop a UN action

Back 24

UN Security Council

Front 25

Cuban rebel who overthrew the dictator and established a communist government

Back 25

Fidel Castro

Front 26

1959 - Cuba becomes a communist nation

Back 26

Cuban Revolution

Front 27

Cuban dictator before 1959 who was overthrown due to his patronage of the wealthy and foreign business interests and his disregard for the masses

Back 27

Fulgencio Batista

Front 28

when a country takes control of the businesses, banks, and land within its borders

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nationalization

Front 29

when one country refuses to trade with another

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sanction

Front 30

Era in US history which showed severe paranoia and fear of communism

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Red Scare

Front 31

Polish workers' union movement aimed at improving conditions and bringing about democratic reforms in Poland

Back 31

Solidarity

Front 32

Leader of Poland's Solidarity movement

Back 32

Lech Walesa

Front 33

1991 - Communist conservative hardliners attempted to take over the government of the Soviet Union and arrested Gorbachev and his wife

Back 33

August Coup

Front 34

official name for communist China

Back 34

PRC - People's Republic of China

Front 35

First communist leader of China

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Mao Zedong

Front 36

Led the Chinese Nationalists; President of the Chinese republic from 1920s to 1949

Back 36

Chiang Kai-shek

Front 37

Island nation to which the Nationalists in China fled when Mao took over mainland China in 1949

Back 37

Taiwan aka Republic of China (ROC)

Front 38

The Thoughts of Mao Zedong - Chinese communists were supposed to study Mao's teachings - they were broadcast in factories and on farms

Back 38

Little Red Book

Front 39

fancy term for brainwashing

Back 39

Indoctrination

Front 40

a temporary lessening of tensions between the US and USSR

Back 40

Detente

Front 41

What USSR stands for

Back 41

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Front 42

These strategic arms limitation treaties were agreements between the US and USSR to slow down production of various nuclear missiles

Back 42

SALT

Front 43

Gorbachev's policy of "openness" which relaxed some of the totalitarian elements of Soviet society; including some elections, cultural exchanges, some freedom of speech

Back 43

glasnost

Front 44

Gorbachev's policy of economic restructuring in which elements of free enterprise were introduced into the Soviet economy in order to add incentive for people to work harder and produce more

Back 44

perestroika

Front 45

Became President of Russia; saved Gorbachev from communist hardliners by putting down August Coup

Back 45

Boris Yeltsin

Front 46

Last communist leader of USSR; put reforms into action that helped topple communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

Back 46

Mikhail Gorbachev

Front 47

latitudinal line dividing North Korea and South Korea

Back 47

38th parallel

Front 48

area between North Korea and South Korea that is a "buffer zone" to hostilities

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DMZ - demilitarized zone

Front 49

Leader of Cambodian communists; responsible for a genocide in the 1970s

Back 49

Pol Pot

Front 50

Southeast Asian country whose leader tried to create a nation of "drones" - non-thinking farmers which resulted in over 1 million murdered

Back 50

Cambodia

Front 51

Cambodian communist army

Back 51

Khmer Rouge

Front 52

"Nicer" term for genocide

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Ethnic Cleansing

Front 53

Term for the area south of China imperialized by the French - including Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam

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Indochina

Front 54

Chinese term for the Nationalist party

Back 54

Kuomintang

Front 55

American general who led troops in Korea - ended up getting into trouble because of his insistence in using new nuclear technology on Korea

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Douglas MacArthur

Front 56

Nationalist and communist leader of Vietnamese forces

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Ho Chin MInh

Front 57

type of warfare used in Vietnam - difficult for Americans to adjust to

Back 57

guerrilla warfare

Front 58

the presence of this piece of technology in people's homes changed the way people thought of war - now that it was in their living rooms

Back 58

television

Front 59

North Vietnamese troops

Back 59

Viet Minh

Front 60

South Vietnamese who worked with the North Vietnamese communists

Back 60

Viet Cong

Front 61

The battle that the French lost with the Vietnamese that caused French withdrawal from Vietnam and led the US to begin to intervene in Vietnam based on our containment policy

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Battle at Dien Bien Phu

Front 62

US backed Cuban refugees in 1961 to invade Cuba and kill Castro; embarrassing failure for US

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Bay of Pigs

Front 63

Crisis in 1962 when US blockaded coast of Cuba to prevent Soviets from setting up missiles there aimed at US; world hovered on brink of nuclear war

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Cuban Missile Crisis

Front 64

Soviet leader who followed in Stalin's footsteps; lost power due to failure in Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 64

Nikita Khrushchev

Front 65

American president responsible for Bay of Pigs Invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 65

John F. Kennedy