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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is cognitive therapy?
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A treatment approach that focuses heavily on modifying ineffective thinking patterns in an effort to effect lasting change in mood and behavior
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What are the central tenets of the cognitive model?
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Cognitions have a controlling influence on our emotions and behavior
How we act or behave can strongly affect our thought patterns and emotions |
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Cognitive model... what are Automatic Thoughts (AT) ?
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thoughts or images that occur instantly and thus not likely under conscious awareness (occurs at preconscious level of awareness
AT occur “automatically” AT can be both positive and negative Hopelessness, low self-esteem, failure /fear are common themes AT occur in everyone |
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Cognitive model... what are schemas?
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templates/rules/working models for information processing (occurs at preconscious and unconscious levels of awareness
Shaped in early childhood through individual experiences Early schemas are influenced later on by life experiences Schemas are thought to assist in managing information in order to facilitate analysis and decision-making There are adaptive and maladaptive schemas in everyone May lie dormant until they are activated by a stressful event (stress-diathesis hypothesis) |
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Degrees of schemas....
what are simple schemas? |
simple basic rules about life
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Degrees of schemas...
What are intermediary beliefs? |
– conditional rules “if-then” statements
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Degrees of schemas...
What are core beliefs? |
global and absolute rules for understanding experiences as related to self
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who am I?
systematic errors in logic or information processing (occur at preconscious and unconscious levels) Goal is to help patients recognize that errors are occurring and to identify which one’s they are more prone to exercising |
cognitive errors
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what is All-or-nothing thinking?
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(aka absolutistic or dichotomous thinking) – defining or categorizing things in one of only two opposing ways
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What is overgeneralization?
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making general sweeping statements based on a few isolated incidents
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what is arbitrary inference (aka jumping to conclusions)?
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reaching a conclusion about something despite contradicting evidence or in the absence of any evidence altogether
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What is Catastrophizing (aka fortune telling) ?
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believing that one knows what the future will bring, in negative terms, without considering other likely outcomes
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Cognitive errors.. what is Magnification / Minimization?
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overemphasizing of the negative while underemphasizing the positive when evaluating self, others, and/or situations
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Cognitive errors... what is emotional reasoning?
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believe it is true because you “feel” it is true, to the extent that any contradicting evidence is ignored
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Cognitive errors... what is Discounting the Positives?
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disregarding positive events as unimportant or as a result of external events
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Cognitive errors.. what is Personalization?
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attributing external events to self, without evidence
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The term_____________refers to the empirical investigative process of therapy b/w TH & PT.
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collaborative empiricism
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Ways to identify AT (automatic thought).....
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Recognizing mood shifts
psychoeducation guided discovery imagery exercises role-play exercises hypothesizing Ascertaining the Meaning of an Event |
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Ways to modify AT...
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Socratic questioning
Thought-Change Records Recognizing Cognitive Errors Examining the Evidence Decatastrophizing Alternative Thinking Cognitive Rehearsal Reattribution |
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Modifying AT...
What is reattribution? |
Draws pt’s attention to the tendency to automatically become more rigid in our manner of attributing new information/experiences/etc.
Internal v. External General v. Specific Invariant v. Variable |
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Ways to identify schemas...
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thought recording
imagery exercises recognizing mood shifts role play exercises |
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Ways to modify schemas...
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Socratic questioning
examining evidence listing advantages and disadvantages |
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What is...
Beck’s Theory of Depression: Cognitive Triad |
Negative beliefs about:
1 – Self 2 – Others 3 – World and Future |
