Cognitive Psychology (Quiz Questions)

Front 1

active parts of the brain that require greater blood flow. this can be detected using what?

Back 1

fMRI

Front 2

what function is typically ascribed to the occipital lobe?

Back 2

visual processing

Front 3

Donders' experiment was important because...

Back 3

it was the first experiment that attempted to measure a cognitive process

Front 4

which if the following is not true about Wundt?
(a) established the first experimental lab
(b) used a method called introspection
(c) used a functionalist approach
(d) used a structuralist approach

Back 4

(c) used a functionalist approach

Front 5

ERP provides excellent________while fMRI provides excellent_______.

Back 5

temporal resolution; spatial resolution

Front 6

attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. these are known as different types of what?

Back 6

cognition

Front 7

the key components of a neuron are...

Back 7

axon, cell body, dendrites

Front 8

the little albert experiment was conducted by _____and was used to help establish behaviorism, which states that_____.

Back 8

Watson; only observable behaviors should be studied

Front 9

patients with damage to brain region X display poor performance on task A but not on task B. patients with damage to brain region Y display poor performance on task B but not task A. this scenario illustrates the concept of...

Back 9

double dissociation

Front 10

cognitive subtraction (or method of subtraction) is used to_____

Back 10

isolate a single stage of processing in brain images

Front 11

when Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of _______attention.

Back 11

selective

Front 12

Charlene sees her boyfriend across campus and waves. even though the image he project on her retina from that distance is quite small, charlene does not perceive him to have shrunk. instead, she perceives him as far away because of....

Back 12

size constancy

Front 13

selection of the attended message in Broadbent's early selection model occurs based on what?

Back 13

physical characteristic of the message

Front 14

the main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for what?

Back 14

meaning

Front 15

according to Treisman's "attenuation model" which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?
(a) house
(b) spouse's first name
(c) fire
(d) platypus

Back 15

(d) platupus

Front 16

the ability to pay attention to, or carry out, two or more different tasks simultaneously is known as what?

Back 16

divided attention

Front 17

the Stroop effect demonstrates people's inability to ignore the ____of words?

Back 17

meaning

Front 18

research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates what?

Back 18

the main effect of cell phone use in driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone

Front 19

a bottom-up process is involved in fixating on an area of a scene that____

Back 19

has high stimulus salience

Front 20

perception is.....

Back 20

-an active process
-constructive
-based on bottom-up and top-down processing

Front 21

the cocktail party effect is best explained by

Back 21

attenuation theory

Front 22

evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception could be shown by which of the following examples?
(a) someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distractors
(b) someone cannot read an illegible word in a written sentence
(c) someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected
(d) someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

Back 22

(d)....not c because not on expectations

Front 23

a difference between a heuristic and an algorithm is what?

Back 23

heuristics do not result in a correct solution every time as algorithms do

Front 24

in a dichotic listening experiment, _____refers to the procedure that is used to force participants to pay attention to a specific message among competing messages.

Back 24

shadowing

Front 25

ANASAZI COMMUNITIES/CITIES/HOMES

Back 25

FOUR CORNERS/MESA VERDE/MESA/CLIFF PALACE/CLIFF DWELLERS

Front 26

suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. a commercil for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. although you are not paying attention to the TV, you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. your behavior is best predicted by which of the following?
(a) cognitive capacity
(b) early selection
(c) spotlight
(d) late selection

Back 26

late selection (d)

Front 27

feature detectors are neurons that respond to specific stimulus features like what?

Back 27

-size
-horizontal and vertical lines
-complex features

Front 28

information remains in sensory memory for how long?

Back 28

seconds or fraction of a second

Front 29

the "what did you say?" phenomena (when you answer before the question is restated) is an example of...

Back 29

echoic sensory memory

Front 30

in a low-load cognitive task (e.g., compatible flanker task) people are most likely to ...

Back 30

be slowed down by the distractor

Front 31

the conclusion from the experiment in which a chess master and a chess novice were asked to remember the positions of chess pieces on a chess board was...

Back 31

chess masters used chucking to help them remember actual game arrangements

Front 32

coding refers to the way information is...

Back 32

represented

Front 33

the emphasis of the concept of working memory is on how information is....

Back 33

manipulated

Front 34

iconic and echoic memory are types of which memory component?

Back 34

sensory memory

Front 35

a person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with...
(a) STM
(b) LTM
(c) working memory
(d) both a and c

Back 35

(d) both a and c

Front 36

information is coded in STM exclusively through an auditory code (t/f)

Back 36

false

Front 37

the word-length effect shows that it is more difficult to remember...

Back 37

a list of long words than a list of short words

Front 38

it is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if...

Back 38

one is handled by the sketch pad and one handled by the phonological loop

Front 39

one function of the ____is controlling the suppression of irrelevant information.

Back 39

the central executive

Front 40

physiological studies indicate that damage to the area of the brain known as the ____can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory.

Back 40

prefrontal cortex