Cognitive Psychology Quiz On Stm And Ltm Memory

Front 1

Clive Wearing

Back 1

Inhability to form long-term memories
Forgets every 2 minutes

Front 2

Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory

Back 2

input > sensory memory > Attention > temporary working > long-term

Front 3

Sensory memory

Back 3

short-lived memory registers all or most information that hits our stored recepto

Front 4

sensory memory (lasting)

Back 4

decays very quickly

Front 5

sensory memory
persistence of vision:

Back 5

retention of the perception of light

frame of flim

Front 6

Sperling

Back 6

array of letters flashed quickly on screen (50 miliseconds) and participants were asked to report as many as possible

Front 7

Sperling Results

Back 7

4.5 letters remembered out of 12 (37.5) for the first group (performance decreases rapidly with tone delay due to iconic memory)id

Front 8

Information remains in sensory memory for

Back 8

a fraction of a second

Front 9

short-term memory

Back 9

stores small amounts of information for a brief duration

- includes new info received from the sensory stores

-and information recalled from STM

-includes controlled processes

Front 10

Duration of STM

Back 10

15-20 seconds when rehearsal is presented

Front 11

Peterson & Peterson

Back 11

memory decays over time

Front 12

proactive interference

Back 12

present after the first trial

Front 13

retroactive interference

Back 13

occurs when info learned previously interferes with

Front 14

Sperling's whole report method

Back 14

4.5 out of 12 letters

Front 15

Sperling's partial report method

Back 15

3.3 out of 4 letters, could report ANY of the rows

with tones indicating new row

Front 16

Sperling's delayed report method

Back 16

performance decreases rapidly

tone presented after

Front 17

digit span

Back 17

how many digits a person can typically remember (5-9 items)

Front 18

Atkison-Shiffrin STM model

Back 18

a single short-term memory that handles all temporary storage and rehearsal, and includes some basic manipulation processes

Front 19

Baddeley and Hitch Working emory model

Back 19

separate short-term systems

1. temporary systems and rehearsal of acousitc-verbal info

2. temporary storage and rehearsal of visiual-spatial info

3. monitoring and manipulating the contents of the 2 storage systems

Front 20

STM capacity is best estimated as

Back 20

7 (+ or - 2)

Front 21

working memory

Back 21

maintenance of different types of info and active manipulation of that info

Front 22

baddeley's working memory model

Back 22

phonologic loop (visual and auditory info)

central executive

visuospatial sketch pad (visual and spatial info)

Front 23

visuospatial sketch pad

Back 23

short-term storage and rehearsal for visual and spatial info

Front 24

phonological loop

Back 24

short-term storage and rehearsal for auditory and verbal info

Front 25

central executive

Back 25

cognitive control of short-term stores

Front 26

phonological loop:

word length effect

Back 26

takes longer to rehearse long words and produce them in recall

Front 27

articulatory suppression

Back 27

prevents one from rehearsing items to be remembered (reduces memory span due to overload in phonological loop)

Front 28

cognitive control through the manipulation of WM

Back 28

controlled updating of STM (n-back task, self-ordered task)

setting goals and planning (tower of hanoi)

task switching (wisconsin card sorting task)

stimulus attention and response inhibition (stroop task)

Front 29

controlled updating of STM

N-back task

Back 29

if the current letter matches the letter n back, press the "yes" key, otherwise press "no"

Front 30

Setting goals and planning

tower of hanoi

Back 30

recreate stack on right side by only putting smaller disks on top of larger

Front 31

task switching

Wisconsin card sort test

Back 31

pay attention to current sorting role (sort by color) but monitor for unannounced change of sorting rule (sort by shape)

Front 32

stimulus selection and response ibhibition

stroop task

Back 32

inhibit tendency to say the word rather than to name color that word is printed in

Front 33

prefrontal cortex

Back 33

in cats, approx. 4% of cerebral cortex is prefrontal

in humans, approx. 33%

Front 34

delayed-response task

Back 34

monkeys w/o a prefrontal cortex have difficulty holding info in WM

prefrontal cortex responsible for processing incoming visual and auditory info

Front 35

funahashi et al.

Back 35

single cell recordings from monkey's prefrontal cortex during a delay-response (neurons responded when stimulus was flashed at particular location)

Front 36

vogel et al.

Back 36

determined participants' WM with the red and blue colored bars matching opposite sides (high-capacity vs. low-capacity)

Front 37

high-capacity

Back 37

more successful at ignoring distractors

Front 38

LTM

Back 38

"archive" of info about past events and knowledge learned

Front 39

serial position curve

murdoch

Back 39

primacy effect : words at the beginning, more time to put into LTM

recency effect : end of list, still in STM

Front 40

H.M.

Back 40

removal of medial temporal lobe

Front 41

H.M.

impaired LTM

Back 41

unable to make new long-term memories (anterograde amnesia)

Front 42

H.M.

normal STM

Back 42

can remember, in order, a list of 8 single digits, or a list of 5 triple digits

can remember tones

Front 43

H.M. conclusion

Back 43

STM and LTM can be separate, and LTM requires the medial temporal lobe

Front 44

K.F.

Back 44

damage to left parietal lobe from stroke

Front 45

K.F.

normal LTM

Back 45

normal word list learning, etc.

Front 46

K.F.

impaired STM

Back 46

cannot remember order of strings of numbers (auditory presentation)

Front 47

Episodic memory

Back 47

memory system for personal events

specific place and time

"mentally time travel"

Front 48

declarative (explicit)

Back 48

conscience memory

Front 49

non-declarative

Back 49

not aware

Front 50

semantic memory

Back 50

memory system for stored knowledge and facts

"built up out of commonalities"

Front 51

Separation of episodic and semantic memories

Back 51

K.C. damaged hippocampus in motorcycle accident and has no episodic memory (no events of the past) but has an intact semantic memory (general info about the past)

Front 52

Separation in italian woman

Back 52

Encephalitis at 44, impaired semantic memory (lost facts of people and words), intact episodic memory (past event preserved)

Front 53

episodic and semantic

Back 53

episodic can be lost, leaving semantic.

knowledge start episodic but "fade" to semantic

Front 54

implicit: priming

Back 54

unconscious, automatically retrievable memory for a previously experienced stimulus or stimuli

Front 55

repetition priming

Back 55

test stimulus is the same as the priming stimulus

Front 56

conceptual priming

Back 56

the meaning of the test stimulus is the same as of the priming stimulus

Front 57

Peter Graf

Back 57

3 groups: amnesia, w/o amnesia treated for alcoholism, medical inpatients w/o either

phase 1: list of words, rate on liking

phase 2: recall (explicit) and word-stem completion task (implicit) best

Front 58

propaganda effectperfect and askew

Back 58

more likely to rate statements read or heard before as being true

Front 59

implicit: prodedural

Back 59

skill memory (actions)

no memory of where or when learned

perform procedures w/o being consciously aware of how to do them

Front 60

skill memory:

Back 60

memory for actions

rotary pursuit, mirror tracing

Front 61

implicit learning

Back 61

learning in the absence of awareness of learning, may not realize that movements are becoming more accurate, faster, etc. (H.M. couldn't remember, but was getting better)

Front 62

classical conditioning

Back 62

learned response to a stimulus that previous did not elicit a response (taste aversion: after food poisoning)