Cognitive Psychology Perception/attention/brain

Front 1

What are the major cognitive components of psychology (8)?

Back 1

Perceptual processing, attention, knowledge representation, long-term memory, working memory, decision making, reasoning and problem solving, language

Front 2

Where are the "what" and "where" pathways?

Back 2

What - down temporal lobe
Where - down parietal lobe

Front 3

What is an fMRI and what are its strengths and weaknesses?

Back 3

Something injected in blood, large magnet over brain measures blood flow to different areas. Strength: has good spatial resolution, noninvasive. Weaknesses: expensive, indirect measure of neuron firing

Front 4

What is an ERP and what are its strengths and weaknesses?

Back 4

Measured electrial activity based on an EEG. Strengths: normal brain activity is not registered, excellent temporal reolution, noninvasive, cheaper. Weakenesses: disrupted by slight movements, poor spatial resolution

Front 5

What is Korsakoff's syndrome?

Back 5

Impaired memory for events and facts due to a vitamin deficiency caused by chronic alcoholism

Front 6

What is the difference between process and neural network models?

Back 6

Neural network models rely on sets of interconnected units and can have parallel things going. A process model relies on more simple inputs and outputs.

Front 7

Lobes?

Back 7

Occipital - visual input
Temporal - hearing visual memories
Parietal - representing space, consciousness, attention
Frontal lobe - producing speech

Front 8

Where is V1 and what does it do?

Back 8

V1 or cortical cells are located in the occipital lobe. Some cells fire in response to vertical lines and some cells fire in response to diagonal lines.

Front 9

What are the two major sulci?

Back 9

Central sulcus - separates the parietal and frontal lobe
Lateral sulcus - Divides the parietal/frontal lobe from the temporal lobe

Front 10

How does information travel from visual fields to retina to hemisphere?

Back 10

Left visual field travels to right half of eyes to right hemisphere and visa versa.

Visual field to retina to bipolar cells to ganglion cells to optic nerve to occipital lobe

Front 11

What are the four Gestalt principles?

Back 11

Proximity
Similarity
Continuity
Closure

Front 12

What are cues to depth? (ex: texture gradient)

Back 12

Linear perspective
Texture gradient
Relative size
Interposition - items blocking each other are closer
Shadows
Binocular disparity - different image in each eye
Convergence - eyes angle in and out for different distances

Front 13

What is the difference between apperceptive agnosia, associative agnosia and naming defecit?

Back 13

Apperceptive agnosia - can't use bottom-up stimuli, can't put together parts to see a whole
Associative agnosia - Cannot connect stimuli through pattern recognition - no connection to previous knowlege
Naming defecit - Cannot use representation from top-down stimulus - see and describe it but can't name it

Front 14

Murray, Boyaci & Kersten (2006) on impact of cues on representation

Back 14

Brain imaing of primary visual cortex - see balls as the same size in checked ball illusion

Front 15

Kohler 1993

Back 15

What vs. where

Front 16

Dr. P - What were his symptoms?

Back 16

Neglects left field, cannot process faces but can process individual features, could describe objects but not necessarily see whole

Front 17

A.H. - What were his symptoms?

Back 17

Optic ataxia - flipping of letters, knew how far something was but not which it was on, fine with locations for everything but visual, reach for objects better if moving

Front 18

4 types of models for pattern recognition

Back 18

1. Template
2. Feature
3. Geon
4. Configural

Front 19

2 Models for feature models (on comp)

Back 19

1. Pandemonium
2. Inactive Activation

Front 20

What is prosopagnosia?

Back 20

Inability to recognize unique faces

Front 21

Evidence for features with studies?

Back 21

Easier to find a Z in a sea of circular shapes

Front 22

Word superiority effect

Back 22

Easier to remember letters inside a word than on their own. Top-down effects make THE CAT.

Front 23

Johnson and Heinz on resource flexibility

Back 23

If you have to process unattended information higher, then you will be slower to respond to flashing light stimulus because more of your resources are already being used.

Front 24

What is the spatial cuing technique for studying attention?

Back 24

Cross with neutral/valid/invalid help. Shows covert attention can help or hurt depending on the accuracy of the info.

Front 25

Endogenous vs. Exogenous

Back 25

Endogenous - goal-directed attention to stimulus
Exogenous - attention drawn by a stimulus that grabs attention

Front 26

Balint's syndrome?

Back 26

Simultagnosia - the inability to process more than one stimulus at a time

Front 27

What role do the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum play in attention?

Back 27

Frontal lobe - controlling attention
Parietal lobe - allocating resources
Cerebellum - general arousal

Front 28

O'Craven et al. on object attention

Back 28

Face vs. House vs. Motion

Front 29

Visual search ZAPS lab

Back 29

Green circle and Orange squares.
Single-feature search vs. Conjunctive search

Front 30

Behrman and Tipper on object-based neglect

Back 30

Barbell study