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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognitive Psychology
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How the brain is structured to process information
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Cognition involves... (7)
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Perception
Attention Memory Rep of language Language Problem Solving Reason and Decision making |
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Neural Instantiation
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Brain has constraints (muscles can't fly)
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Ebbinghaus
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First Cog Psych. Read the nonsense syllables.
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Savings
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(initial repetition-relearning rep)/
Initial Rep |
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Wundt
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Tried to (fail) standardize cognition.
Structuralism Its too subjective to standard. |
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John Watson noted...
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-basically against Wundt. Too variable, too hard to verify.
(little albert) behaviorism |
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Structuralism
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Experience is a combination of sensations.
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Tolman
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Cognition in rats
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Behaviorist
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Turn right, get food.
(Tolman proved they knew where food were) |
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Latent Learning
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Done by Tolman rats
Learning still happens, is shown when rewarded. |
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What can disrupt memory?
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-Chemicals
-Head Traumas. |
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Neurons
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BAsic structure of nervous system
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What do neurons do?
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They are specialized to recieve/transmit info in the NS
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What is in a neuron?
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Cell body, dendrites, axon
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Axon
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Tube that transmits electrical signals to other neurons
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Cell body
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The house and power station. Needed for survival.
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Dendrites
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branches which allow receipt of signals.
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To see these neurons...
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Take brain pieces and STAIN it.
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Myelin
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Increases speed of signal
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MS
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Multiple Sclerosis. Deficiency in the Myelin
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Sensory Receptor
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Transduction of an electrical signal
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Dendritic Spines
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Bump on dendrite that concentrates the receptor signals(eye) for the neuron
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How to measure an AP
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Microelectrodes pick up the signal.
Amplify it Data converted from binary. |
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Electrical house current
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Too strong for brain. Will fry.
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Depolarization
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The upstart of the AP
Na+ is dominant at peak Excitatory phase |
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Hyperpolarization
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Downfall of AP
K+ is dominant at the pit Refractory phase |
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Block Na+ channels?
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Paralysis. Certain spider venom.
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Increase the K+ channels?
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Slows the transmission
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What takes priority in an AP
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Rate. Not strength.
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Pyramidal cell
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Excitatory
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Basket Cell
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Inhibitory
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What is required for total balance?
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Basket and Pyrimidal cells. IE inhibatory and excitory cells.
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Neurotransmitters affect
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Mood, drug abuse, depression
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Depolarize
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Shoots up and starts
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Hyperpolarize
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shoots down into a pit for the refractory period.
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Synaptic potential is the _____ of the Hodgin Huxley cycle.
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start
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2nd step of the HH cycle?
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Depolarization
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What happens after the depolarization?
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The Na gates are dominant.
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What after the Na gates domination?
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K+ has to dominate, then back to the depolarization.
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Distributed Coding
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Analysis by specific pattern of neurons
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Specific Coding
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Analysis by specific neuron
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Cerebral Cortex
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Responsible for our cognitive functions.
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Thalamus
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relay and processing of information
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Hippocampus
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Forms memories
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Amygdala
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Emotions and emotional memories.
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Temporal lobe
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Hearing, Taste, and Smell
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Parietal
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Touch, Temperature, and Pain
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Occipital
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Vision
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Frontal
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Coordinates all information received from the five senses
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Medula insula
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Apparently lights up when you are in love.
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fMRI strengths
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Non invasive
Interactions between brain regions Superior spatial resolution |
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fMRI limits
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Indirect of neural activity
Poor temporally limited Experimental design critical |
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Sensation
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Absorbing raw energy into our sensory organs
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Transduction
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Converts the energy into neural signals
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Attention
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the concentration requires
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Perception
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interpretations and selections of the signal.
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Retina
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Light hits
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Fovea
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Part of retina and most dense of receptors
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Optic Nerve
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Information comes back through here
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Rods
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Rhodopsin makes it dark
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Cones
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Color
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Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Main visual processing center 90% info goes here.
10% goes for eye movement |
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Visual fields
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all right sides of eyes see left sides of world. and vice versa
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V1 simple cells
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The lines that are recepted.
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Greeble
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proves you can train to light up for weird stuff and less to faces.
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Bottom up
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Geons- 3d pieces that you piece together
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Top down
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using experience and knowing whats supposed to be there
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Geshault
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Continuation
Kanizka olympic similarities |
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Continuation
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Two lines but we assume as one because as laces
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Kanizka
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PAcmans vs triangles. we assumed as we thought
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Rings
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We see five intead of nine. simpler
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similarity
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read as rows instead or alternate
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Heuristics
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Work more often than not
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Heuristics strength
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best guess
fast often correct human |
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Algorithm
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Slow but definite. Robot.
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Face recognition
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any slight change can fool a computer
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Single dissociation
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One function lost yet another remains
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Monkey single dis
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temporal dmg
cant identify but knows where (find |
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Double dissociation
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Two individuals with different damage and opposite effects
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Impaired temporal A
Impaired Parietal B |
Both are unconnected because what and where is affected.
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Mirror neurons
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observation and learning it fires
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Temporal damage
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NO longer can identify What
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Parietal Damage
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no longer can identify where
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Occipital damage
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No longer can do how.
(can insert card but not orient) |
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Selective attention
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excluding other features
limited |
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Overt
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obvious attention like boob watching
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Covert
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off to the side like spies
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Early attention processing
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Broadbent: filters before detector processes.
shortterm of 15 seconds |
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Shadowing
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Repeats message from one ear to another
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Problems with Broadbent
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Can shadow ear to ear
name gets through can train unattended ear |
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Tresiman theory
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small arrow large arrow. to dictionary after attenuator.
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Dictionary
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uncommon words have high threshold
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Late selection
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Mckay
heard ambigous and other ear influenced. Money and river |
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Bottom up eye movment
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areas that stand out captures attention
color and motion |
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Top down of eye movemetn
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Previous knowledge affects
Eyemovement preceded by task |
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Precue
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Responds faster to light that is expected
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