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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Core assumptions of Cog Neuro? |
The brain is the organ that computes mental processes
The mind/brain works like a computer |
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New assumptions about the biological basis of consciousness? |
1) mind is in some other organ 2) mind is in the brain - not neurons 3) mind does not have a physical correlate
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Ancient Greece's Ideas |
Aristotle: brain is probably some cooling mechanism - heart is warm, brain is cold (dead things are cold) Hippocrates: brain is the seat of intellectual perception
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Medieval Ideas |
Ventricles are important: Perception: lateral Cognition: 3rd Memory: 4th 1st century to middle ages - because science at this time was a lot about hydrolics - thought CSF was the instrument of the soul |
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Descartes |
1596 - 1650 Cartesian Dualism separation of the body and mind/soul the 2 communicate through the pineal gland - b/c it's next to the CSF and animals don't have it
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Spinoza |
1632 - 1677 Dual aspect theory (woot!) Mind and brain are 2 different levels of explanation of the same thing |
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What is reductionism? |
Alternate to dual aspect theory - the idea that the mind will eventually no longer be of scientific importance |
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17th & 18th century ideas |
No more ventricle talk - they understand that the cerebrum is important, but no localization yet |
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19th century |
Figure out localization of brain stem - (Maybe the cerebrum is localized too!! - they said) |
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Franz Gall |
Functional Localist Phrenology - (whoops) |
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What are the assumptions of Phrenology (and which ones are crap?)` |
1) the brain is the organ of the mind 2) mind composed of multiple, distinct faculties 3) each faculty has separate 'organ' in brain 4) the size of an organ is a measure of it's power 5) brain shape is determined by the size of the organs 6) the skull takes its shape from the brain |
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Neurocentrism |
Human behavior can be described best by looking solely or primarily at the brain |
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Neuroskepticism |
When not grounded in cognitive theory - neuroscientific explanations of behavior don't tell us much ( & there's a bunch of bad neuroscience) |
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What is 'seductive allure?' |
Put some neuroscience words or pictures in a completely crap study and people are more likely to believe it |
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common misconceptions? |
Brain data = fixed (nature) behavioral data = changing (nurture)
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Reverse Inference |
Just because there is activation in one area of the brain - you can't tell what that activation means |
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Multiple comparison problems |
you are likely to find differences just by chance - like in dead fish |
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How do EEGs work? |
Measure the electric activity produced by the brain on the skull - has to be syncronous activity of dendrites of pyrimidal cells - perpendicular to skull (usually gyri) Good temporal - BAD (no) spatial
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How do MEGs works |
Measure the magnetic activity below the skull, synchronously firing pyramidal cells parallel to the surface (sulci) Good temporal - ok spatial (still poor though) expensive and impractical
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PET scans |
Inject radioactive isotope - last about 10min - emits positrons from nucleus that collide into each other & radiation detectors catch the collision Cons: radiation - limited # of scans - not great spatial resolution |
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fMRI |
deoxygenated hemoglobin is a paramagnetic agent and gives off smaller signals than oxygenated hemoglobin |
