Cognitive Disorders

Front 1

Cognitive disorders are caused by changes in the brain marked by disturbances in what? (5)

Back 1

1. Orientation
2. Memory
3. Intellect
4. Judgment
5. Affect

Front 2

What are the THREE main congitive disorders?

Back 2

Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic disorders

Front 3

What cognitive d/o is always caused by an underlying condition?

Back 3

Delirium

Front 4

What is the Tx priority for patients with delirium?

Back 4

Identify the cause, then intervene to prevent permanent damage to neurons

Front 5

Medications, withdrawal, neoplasms, infections, metabolic or nutritional imbalances, pscyhosocial stressors

Back 5

Causes of Delirium

Front 6

DSM-IV criteria for Delirium (3)

Back 6

1. Disturbance of consciousness
2. Change in cognition
3. Disturbance develops over a short period of time

Front 7

Risk for injury, deficient fluid volume, acute confusion, disturbed thought processes, fear, disturbed sleep pattern, imapired verbal communication, impaired social interaction

Back 7

Nursing Dx for Deliriumq

Front 8

4 Outcomes for patients with Delirium

Back 8

CLIENT WILL:
1. return to premorbid level of functioning
2. remain safe and free from injury while in hospital
3. correctly identify day, month, year, season and place
4. communicate appropriately for the situation

Front 9

Failure to recongize delirium can lead to permanent ______ _______ and even _______!

Back 9

brain damage; DEATH

Front 10

Many diseases are categorized under this medical syndrome; majority are irreversible

Back 10

DEMENTIA

Front 11

4 d/o categorized under primary dementia

Back 11

1. Alzheimer's disease
2. Vascular dementia
3. Pick's disease
4. Lewy body disease

Front 12

_________ dementia is caused by other pathological processes such as AIDS, anemia, encephalitis

Back 12

Secondary

Front 13

______ ________ begins to shrink with age.

Back 13

Cerebral cortex

Front 14

A global impairment of cognitive functioning that usually is progressive and of sufficient severity to interfere with a person's normal social and occupational functioning.

Back 14

Dementia

Front 15

Dementia has a ______ onset.

Back 15

gradual

Front 16

Dementia causes deterioration of _______, _______, _______, and ________.

Back 16

memory, judgement, ability to think abstractly, orientation

Front 17

Number one irreversible dementia is ________, making up 50-60% of all dementias

Back 17

Alzheimer's

Front 18

________ is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the ____ of the brain.

Back 18

Alzheimer's; cortex

Front 19

Nerve cells involved in _______ & ________ are destroyed.

Back 19

memory; cognition

Front 20

Recent memory loss, congitive loss in communicating, calculating, recongnition, anxiety, confusion, mild behavior problems such as the inability to initiate and complete a task

Back 20

Stage 1 symptoms of Alzheimer's

Front 21

Along with current problems, behavior problems increase including catatrophic reactions, sundowning, perseveration, aimless pacing and wandering

Back 21

Stage 2 of Alzheimer's

Front 22

Confusion, mild incontinence, hypertonia, delusions

Back 22

Stage 2 of Alzheimer's

Front 23

Increased symptoms along with total incontience, depression resolves, progressive gait disturbances leading to nonambulatory status

Back 23

Stage 3 of Alzheimer's

Front 24

Increase in present symptoms along with choking, emaciation, total care, pressure ulcers, pneumonia, total loss in speech and recognition

Back 24

Stage 4 of Alzheimer's

Front 25

Unconscious attempt to maintain self-esteem

Back 25

confabulation

Front 26

Loss of language ability

Back 26

Aphasia

Front 27

Loss of purposeful movement in the absence of motor or sensory impairment

Back 27

Apraxia

Front 28

Loss of sensory ability to recognize objects

Back 28

Agnosia

Front 29

Risk for injury, impaired verbal communication, impaired memory, ineffective coping, caregiver role strain, anticipatory grieving

Back 29

Nursing Dx for Alzheimer's Disease

Front 30

All cognitive assessment tools should be completed in ________ enviornment to ensure _______ diagnosis.

Back 30

optimal; accurate

Front 31

Majority of dementia drugs available ________ the brain's supply of __________.

Back 31

increase; acetylcholine

Front 32

Dementia drugs that increase acetylcholine improve ________, ________ and _________ in activities of daily living.

Back 32

cognition, behavior, function

Front 33

"Start low and go slow"

Back 33

Motto for use of antipsychotic meds

Front 34

4 Nursing Interventions for Alzheimer's patients

Back 34

1. Have structured routines and daily schedules
2. Give step-by-step directions
3. Caregivers must allow for flexibility with scheduled tasks
4. Communication is KEY!!