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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two types of knowledge?
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Declarative and Procedural
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Declarative knowlege
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all about facts
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Procedural Knowledge
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all about steps and order
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Concepts
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A mental representation of a thing and related information
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Why do we need concepts?
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To create groups ( categories), simplify the mental process, make inferences, combine complex ideas, and to communicate ideas
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An example of using an concept
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Go to grocery store and find food by using groups ( ie. pasta, poultry,etc)
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Another example of concept..
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Cat: meows, long tail, furry, and calico
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Concept
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unit of symbolic knowledge
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Natural Concept
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related to nature :)
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Artifact concept
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created by humans
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Ad hoc concept
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created to suit a need ( ie. dorm)
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category
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a rule to group concepts
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Schema
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framework used to orderize concept
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Example of category and schema is...
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Computer and desk icons instead of drawers and files
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Four different theories on concept organization
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1. defining features
2. prototypes 3. exemplars 4. hierachially semantic network |
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Defining features means..
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something used to classify something ( ie. boobs for an female)
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What are cons of using defining features?
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Hard to find something to classify ( ie. a feature for monster or furniture)
and also because of changing view of society's definations |
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What is typicality effect?
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An example that you think of quickly or easily
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Prototype Theory is..
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abstracted representation of a group with features that are popular
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An example of prototype is...
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Monster prototype have all same characteristics: scary, ugly, sharp, and live in odd/dark places
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Pro of prototype theory is..
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that it can fit in fuzzy* concepts
( * sort of fit in one group, but not fully part of that group) |
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Exemplar View is..
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made of multiple examples that shows what concept represents.
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An example of Exemplar view is..
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peas, carrots, or beans (Vegetable concept)
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When is a exemplar is very familiar..
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it will be put in a group quickly
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Synthesis is..
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a combination of prototype and defining feature view
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Keil & Batterman experiment showed that..
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5-10 yrs old watched
1. mean old man with gun took tv because parents told him he could have it 2. cheerful woman took tioilet without permission Children until 10 yrs didn't see the woman as a robber |
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Theory Based View is..
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knowledge of world feeds our predictions about concepts and shapes our concepts
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The prototype in Keil & Batterman experiment is..
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all robbers are smelly, mean, and have guns
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