Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Cognition |
the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating |
|
|
concept |
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people |
|
|
prototype |
a mental image or best examples of a category. |
|
|
algorithm |
a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. |
|
|
heuristic |
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently |
|
|
insight |
a sudden, often novel, realization of the solution to a problem |
|
|
creativity |
the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas |
|
|
confirmation bias |
a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
|
|
fixation |
the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set |
|
|
mental set |
a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |
|
|
functional fixedness |
the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual function |
|
|
representativeness heuristic |
judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes |
|
|
availability heuristic |
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory |
|
|
overconfidence |
the tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements |
|
|
belief perseverance |
clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
|
|
intuition |
an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious recall |
|
|
framing |
the way an issue is posed |
|
|
language |
our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning |
|
|
phoneme |
in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit |
|
|
morpheme |
in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning |
|
|
grammar |
in a language, a system if rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
|
|
semantics(study of meaning) |
the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language |
|
|
syntax |
the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language |
|
|
babbling stage |
beginning around four months, the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language |
|
|
one-word stage |
the stage in speech development, from age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words |
|
|
two-word stage |
beginning about age 2, the stage of speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements |
|
|
telegraphic speech |
early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram, mostly in nouns and verbs |
|
|
linguistic determination |
Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
|
|
Sternburg |
five components of creativity |
