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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Waves
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Waves are created by the wind when it blows over the surface of the sea creating friction
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Fetch
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The distance that a wave has travelled
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Swash
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Swash is the water that washes UP the beach.
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Backwash
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Backwash is the water that washes back DOWN the beach.
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Erosion
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Destructive waves wearing aweay the coastline - Corrosion, Abrasion, Hydraulic Action and Attrition (see river flashcards)
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Transportation
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movement of material in the sea and along the coast by waves.
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Longshore Drift
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transport along the coast when waves move the material across the beach.
Swash carries the material diagonally up the beach and backwas brings it down vertically. |
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Deposition
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the dumping of eroded material on the land by constructive waves
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destructive waves
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waves REMOVE beach material
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contructive waves
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waves ADD to the beach material
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Wave Cut Platform
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the bottom of the cliff is eroded by the sea which creates a notch and an overhanging cliff. the cliff eventually collapses creating a platform at the base of the cliff.
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Notch
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created by the waves eroding.
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bays
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formed by waves eroding SOFT rock
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Headland
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formed by waves eroding HARD rock
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Caves
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partly eroded into the sides of a cliff
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arches
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a cave that has been eroded the whole way through
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stacks
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arches have collapsed in the middle leaving a headland and a detatched stack
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stump
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a stack eroded down to make it smaller
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Spit
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extended beaches of pebbles or sand which are joined to the land at one end and stretch out into the sea at the other end. created by longshore drift.
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storm beaches
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a collected ridge of beach material and berms deposited during a storm.
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berms
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individual ridges of deposited pebbles, usually each ridge is within the same size range (e.g. small pebbles on one ridge, medium on another etc.) on a storm beach
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hook
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formed at the end of a spit if the wind changes
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salt marshes
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found behind spits where the waves cannot reach. silt is deposited here
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hard engineering techniques
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expensive, short term, ugly, not suitable as they battle against natural processes, sometimes, causing damage in other places down the coast
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soft engineering techniques
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less expensive, long term, attractive and sustainable as they work with natural processes, causing less damage.
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groynes
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wooden barriers at right angles to the beach that cause the beach material to build up, absorbing wave energy, slowing cliff erosion. without them longshore drift would remove the materials.
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sea walls
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t
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