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28 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Gray matter: definition, location in brain vs. spinal cord, composition

Definition/Composition: Cellular tissue of brain and spinal cord (cell bodies)




Location: Outside of brain, inside of SC (mostly); cortex or nuclei

Cortex (cortical gray matter): definition, features

Definition: external covering of cerebrum and cerebellum




Features: gyri/folia, sulci/fissures

Gyrus

Outward ridge of cortical folds over Cerebral hemispheres

Folium

Outward ridge of cortical folds over Cerebellar hemispheres

Sulci

Grooves in cortex

Fissure

Especially deep sulcus

Nuclei (neural tissue)

Internal aggregations of neurons and glial cells

White Matter: definition/composition, location,

Definition/Composition: Neuronal projections (mostly axons) surrounded by myelin




Location: medullary (core of corticol and cerebellar hemispheres), tracts

Tracts

Sensory of motor pathways running through brain, brainstem, and spinal cord

Meninges of the brain: Definition, list (3)

Definition: Non-neural, membranous coverings surrounding the brain



Names: pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

Pia mater

reflective, shiny surface of brain and spinal cord (continuous with them)

Arachnoid

thin, non-vascular membranous tissue covering blood vessels and pial surface beneath. Does not follow pia into folds (does go into fissures)

Subarachnoid space

Contains CSF during life, between pia and arachnoid space

Dura mater

Outermost of meninges, surrounds and supports brain. Tough, fibrous, non-distensible. All meninges extend down with spinal cord.

Cerebrum: appearance, function

Appearance: largest, most obvious part of brain




Function: Site of most complex sensory, motor, and cognitive abilities. Highly developed in humans compared to others

Cerebellum: Appearance, function

Appearance: The little bonus piece at the posterior base of the brain. Looks leafy when cut.




Function: Coordination of movement and others

Brainstem: Appearance + parts

Staff on which rest of brain sits like a head. Thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.

Corpus collosum: Appearance, function, 4 divisions

Appearance: White central chicken slice in middle of brain when hemisected




Function: Major group of nerve fibers that connects two cerebral hemispheres.




Divisions: Rostrum, genu, body, splenium (ventral to rostral to caudal)

Lateral ventricles: Location, definition

Definition: Fluid-filled spaces within cerebral hemispheres




Location: Within brain, under corpus collosum

Telencephalon: other name/extent

Forebrain. Cerebral hemispheres, lateral ventricles, most of outside part

Diencephalon: other name/extent

No other name. Hypothalamus included. Forms walls of 3rd ventricle.

Mesencephalon: other name/extent

Midbrain. Cerebral aqueduct (connecting 3rd and 4th ventricles) passes through here

Metencephalon: Pieces + extent

Pons + cerebellum.

Myelencephalon: other name/extent

Medulla oblongata, small and caudal portion of brainstem

Cranial nerve name order

Names in order, except for hypoglossal

Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncles): definition, location

Definition: large tracts, carry info to/from cerebral cortex


Location: ID's midbrain on ventral side

Pons: Identification, features

Fibers in pons are transverse. Middle cerebellar peduncle arise from dorsolateral pons and enter cerebellum.




Dorsal surface of pons form rostral floor of 4th ventricle.

Medulla: ID, features

Large longitudinal fiber tracts, pyramids, protrude from ventral medulla. Olives protrude on the sides