Cns Synapses

Front 1

In the CNS, there are many smaller and varied _____________ responses

Back 1

postsynaptic

Front 2

Classical neurotransmitters are small molecular weights and capable of being produced within the ________

Back 2

axon terminal

Front 3

Ach to autonomic efferents to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands where it acts on ________ receptors

Back 3

muscarinic receptors

Front 4

Synapses with Ach as transmitters are _______ synapses

Back 4

cholinergic

Front 5

Biogenic amine nts

Back 5

NE, DA, Serotonin, histamine
synapses are adrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic.

Front 6

Amino acids or their derivatives nts

Back 6

glutamate, glycine, GABA

Front 7

the most abundant excitatory transmitter in the CNS is

Back 7

glutamate

Front 8

Both _____ and ______ are inhibitory transmitters

Back 8

glycine, and GABA

Front 9

Purine nts

Back 9

adenosine, ATP

Front 10

Gas that can be enzymatically generated and has transmitter like effects both postsynaptically and presynaptically.

Back 10

Nitric oxide

Front 11

larger molecular weight transmitters which are produced with in the neuron soma and transported to the axon terminal by axonal transport.

Back 11

neuropeptides

Front 12

neuropeptides

Back 12

substance P, VIP, beta endorphin, opioids

Front 13

peptides which bind to _____ receptors and are involved in regulation of pain information. e.g. endorphin and enkephalin

Back 13

opioids, opiate receptors

Front 14

more than one transmitter per synapse

Back 14

cotransmitters

Front 15

peptide cotransmitters usually modify the __________ effect of the classic transmitters by_______ or _______

Back 15

postsynaptic, magnifying, attenuating

Front 16

Transmitter reuptake is an active process in the ________ or ________

Back 16

presynaptic membrane, nearby glia cells

Front 17

peptide transmitters are produced in the soma and are not ______

Back 17

transported back into the terminal by uptake pump.

Front 18

ESPS is a localized subthreshold depolarization of the ___________ which increases the ________ an AP will occur

Back 18

postsynaptic membrane, liklihood

Front 19

ESPS use _________ regulated channels

Back 19

chemically

Front 20

The ____ and ______ of most neurons produce no APs

Back 20

soma and dendrites

Front 21

postsynaptic potentials of the receiving areas are not conducted like action potentials but instead uses

Back 21

electrotonic spread (decrements)

Front 22

decreases the liklihood that a postsynaptic AP will occur

Back 22

ISPS (GRADED HYPERPOLARIZATION)

Front 23

ISPS Ek and Ecl

Back 23

Ek = -90 or less
Ecl = variable but near resting potential

Front 24

Inhibitory ISPS that increases K conductance

Back 24

GABA b receptor

Front 25

Inhibitory ISPS that increases Cl- conductance

Back 25

GABA a recptor

Front 26

Glycine inhibits by increasing ______ cunductance

Back 26

Cl-

Front 27

Renshaw cell

Back 27

Inhibits alpha motor neurons by an efferent reflex mechanism

Front 28

_______ postsynaptic synapses tend to be closer to axon hillock, and have a greater effect than most excitatory synapses

Back 28

ISPS

Front 29

Chemically gated direct ligand channels

Back 29

Ionotropic

Front 30

Ionotropic nicotinic receptors opens a _______ selective channel at the NMJ

Back 30

CATION

Front 31

Indirect ligand (2nd messengers) coupled channels

Back 31

metabotropic

Front 32

2nd transmitter coupled ion channel on cardiac nodal cells which open ______ channels to hyperpolarize these cells and _____ the heart rate

Back 32

muscarinic, K, slow

Front 33

muscarinic receptors in the heart may also decrease ______ conductance

Back 33

calcium conductance

Front 34

_______ transmitters may act on multiple types of channels

Back 34

second

Front 35

Not all signaling potentials are brought about by increasing ion conductances

Back 35

TRUE

Front 36

The NMJ is a 1:1 synapse due to (3)

Back 36

1. large branched presynaptic terminal
2. many postsynaptic receptors
3. large endplate potential, 60mV

Front 37

The most common type of chemical synapse in the CNS and requires ________ to bring about postsynaptic APs

Back 37

many to one synapse, summation

Front 38

small CNS neurons may produce a burst of AP following input from a single presynaptic neuron

Back 38

one to many synapse

Front 39

Synaptic facilitation occurs when the postsynaptic responses are increased in _________ thus magnifying the effect

Back 39

amplitude

Front 40

_____ synaptic effects are responsible for most synaptic facilitation

Back 40

presynaptic

Front 41

Post tetanic poentiation characteristics

Back 41

greater transmitter release and first step in short term memory

Front 42

In some synapses high frequency stimulation (tetanic) can produce facilitation that lasts for ____

Back 42

hours

Front 43

receptors on the presynaptic terminal membrane can respond to transmitters released by the same terminal

Back 43

autoinhibition or auto facilitation

Front 44

NE autoinhibition receptor

Back 44

alpha 2 on presynaptic membrane

Front 45

cross talk between synapses example

Back 45

Ach inhibits NE release at some synapses

Front 46

Pain afferents may be presynaptically inhibited by

Back 46

opiates

Front 47

CNS depression and coma

Back 47

acidosis

Front 48

CNS excitation, hyperactivity, and convulsions

Back 48

alkalosis

Front 49

CNS depression, confusion, and coma

Back 49

hypoxia

Front 50

beta blocker is an

Back 50

antagonist

Front 51

Can have many varicosity synapses or discrete synapses

Back 51

NE autonomics