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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The operation which involves removal of a disk of bone from the skull is termed:
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trephination
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In an adult, the spinal cord terminates...
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at L1-L2
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The floor of the cranial cavity is divided into how many fossae?
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three
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The major transverse pathway connecting the cerebral hemispheres is the:
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corpus callosum
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The cerebellum, pons, and medulla form the:
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hindbrain
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The subarachnoid spaces surrounding the brain widen in some areas to form cisterns, the largest of which is:
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cisterna magna
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The third and fourth ventricles are connected by the:
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Aqueduct of Sylvius
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How many ventricles comprise the ventricular system of the brain?
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four
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Another name for the brain is:
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encephalon
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The diencephalon is composed primarily of the:
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thalamus and hypothalamus
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Which of the following is NOT a portion of the brainstem?
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cerebellum
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Which portion of the brain is continuous with the spinal cord?
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medulla oblongata
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Which of the meningeal layers closely adheres to the surface of the brain?
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pia mater
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Name the potential space between the dura mater and the inner table of the skull.
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epidural space
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What fluid normally fills the subarachnoid space?
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cerebrospinal fluid
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The temporal lobes of the cerebrum and the hypophysis cerebri rest upon the ________ fossa of the cranial base.
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middle
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Which of the following is a midline structure?
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fourth ventricle
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Each cerebral hemisphere may be divided into ______ lobes.
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five
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The ______ fissure lies in the midsagittal plane and divides the cerebrum into hemispheres.
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longtitudinal
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The tapered termination of the spinal cord is termed the:
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conus medullaris
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Give another name for the aqueduct of Sylvius:
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cerebral aqueduct
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In pneumoencephalography, air may be injected into the subarachnoid space at either the L3-L4 interspace or at the:
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base of the skull into the cisterna magna
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Each of the lateral ventricles has a centrally located body and three projections or _____ extending from it.
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horns
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Each lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricle by the:
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interventricular foramen
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Name the gland located just posterior to the third ventricle.
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pineal
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The foramina of Luschka and the foramen of Majendie connect the fourth ventricle to the:
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cisterna magna
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Cerebrospinal fluid is manufactured by the _______ of each ventricle.
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choroid plexus
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The condition termed ________ results from abnormal accumulation of the cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricular system.
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hydrocephalus
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Air rising from the cisterna magna would enter which ventricle first?
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fourth
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Which of the following portions of the ventricular system is NOT a midline strucutre?
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Foramen of Luschka
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Extending anteriorly from the body of each lateral ventricle is the:
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frontal horn
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Extending posteriorly from the body of each lateral ventricle is the:
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occipital horn
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Name the foramen lying within each lateral recess of the fourth ventricle.
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Foramen of Luschka
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Each convolution which marks the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres is termed a/an:
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gyrus
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The medulla oblongata is located at the level of the:
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foramen magnum
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The frontal lobes of the cerebrum rests upon the ______ fossa of the cranial base.
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anterior
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Which of the meningeal layers literally means hard or tough mother?
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dura mater
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The two major sub-divisions of the adult nervous system are:
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CNS, PNS
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What part of the brain is associated with hearing, sight, and smell?
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cerebrum
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The folds of the brain are called:
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gyri
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The gray appearance of the spinal cord in cross-section is due from what?
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nerve cell bodies
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The neural tube serves as the development center for what?
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brain and spinal cord
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What is the functional unit of the nervous system?
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neurons (50% of cells)
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Name the 3 parts of a neuron.
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cell body, dendrite, axon
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The _______ receives impulses and carries them to the body; and the _____ relays impulses away from the nerve cell body.
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dendrite, axon
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What are neuroglia?
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nerve cells that perform functions of support and protection in connective tissue; makes up 50% of all nerve cells
other 50% are neurons |
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What are the major parts of the brain (use both names).
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forebrain (prosencephalon)
midbrain (mesecephalon) hindbrain (rhombencephalon) |
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What are the two main parts of the forebrain?
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diencephalon and cerebrum
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The CNS is divided into the _______ and the ______.
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brain and spinal cord
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The largest portion of the brain is the ________ and has ____ lobes.
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cerebrum 5
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The coordination of the fine muscular movements of the extremities is primarily accomplished by the _________.
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cerebellum
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Where are the lateral ventricles located in the brain?
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cerebral hemispheres
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The _______ are a collection of 3 membraneous layers that protect the brain and spinal cord.
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meninges
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The two layers of the dura mater which form the _________ serves to drain the blood from the brain.
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cranial venous sinuses
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List 3 things in the body that the medulla oblongata controls.
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blood pressure
respiration rate heart rate |
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The narrow canal that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles is the ________ or the __________.
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cerebral aqueduct
aqueduct of Sylvius |
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The ______ is the innermost layer of the meninges.
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pia mater
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What is the purpose of the CSF?
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protects and cushions the brain
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What forms the host (subarachnoid space) for the CSF?
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pia mater and arachnoid
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The interventricular foramen of the Foramen of _______ permits the passage of fluids between the _______ and _________ ventricles.
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Mourno
third right and left lateral |
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TIc Douloureux is a mechanical irritation of the _______ nerve and causes severe pain in the facial region.
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trigeminal
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There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves; and _____ pairs of nerves that originate at the spinal cord.
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12
31 |
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The hypothalamus controls the activity of which gland?
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pituitary
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Define synapse.
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junction where impulses are passed from one nerve cell to another
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List three major functions of the nervous system.
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1. monitors all info about changes occurring both inside and outside the body
2. it processes and interprets the info received and integrates it in order to make decisions 3. it commands responses by activating muscles, glands, and other parts of the nervous system |
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Masses of gray matter embedded deep within the cerebral white matter are _______.
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basal nuclei
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The _______ is a thin layer of gray matter on outer surface of cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum.
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cortex
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The ______ accounts for more than 60% of total brain weight.
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cerebrum
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The _____________ separates the lateral ventricles.
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septum pellucidum
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A fold of the dura mater which attaches to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone is called the _________.
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falx cerebri
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may cause medulla oblongata to be wedged into foramen magnum by pressure of blood
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intracranial hemorrhage
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total unresponsiveness to stimulation
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coma
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TIA
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transcient ischemic attack
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
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progressive degeneration of brain with abnormal protein deposits
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Alzheimer's disease
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slight and transcient brain injury
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concussion
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traumatic injury that destroys brain tissue
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contusion
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MS
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multiple sclerosis- autoimmune disorder with extensive demyelination
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Where is CSF produced?
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choroid plexus
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MD
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muscular dystrophy- hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakening of muscles
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traumatic flexion of extension of neck
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whiplash
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loss of motor function
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paralysis
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paralysis of one side of body due to brain injury rather than injury to spinal cord
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hemiplegia
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result of transection of cord between T11- L1
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paraplegia
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loss of sensation
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paresthesia
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result of permanent injury to C5-C6
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quadriplegia
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paralysis without atrophy (lesions of upper motor neurons)
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spastic paralysis
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transcient period of functional loss induced by trauma to spinal cord
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spinal shock
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