Chapter 8 - Cns/ Pns (Lab)

Front 1

Functions of the Brain:

Back 1

-Regulation and integration

-The source of voluntary actions

-Interpreting sensory input

-Generating emotions

-Seat for higher mental processes

Front 2

Located in the vertebral foramen. It begins at the foramen magnum and ends at the conus medullaris in the lumbar region. It conducts sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to the body.

Back 2

Spinal Cord

Front 3

The LARGEST PART of the brain in mammals. It is composed of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe.

Back 3

Cerebrum

Front 4

This lobe lies between the occipital bone and the parieto-occipital sulcus. It functions to receive and interpret visual signals.

Back 4

Occipital Lobe

Front 5

The second largest part of the brain in mammals and the largest part of the brain in birds. It is involved in the regulation of posture and balance, fine motor control of skeletal muscles, and repetitive movement.

Back 5

Cerebellum

Front 6

These structures lie between the frontal bones and the central sulcus, and above the eye orbits. They have motor functions, but also deal with aggression, mood, foresight, motivation, and social judgements.

Back 6

Frontal Lobes

Front 7

These are SHALLOW GROOVES in the surface of the cerebrum.

Back 7

Sulci (valleys)

Front 8

An endocrine gland directly attached to the hypothalamus. It is divided into anterior and posterior portions.

Back 8

Pituitary Gland

Front 9

These are THICK FOLDS in the surface of the cerebrum.

Back 9

Gyri (mountain peaks)

Front 10

These structures lie between the parietal bones and the central sulcus. They function in integration of sensory information with the exceptions of vision, hearing, and smell.

Back 10

Parietal Lobes

Front 11

This fissure is a DEEP GROOVE separating the cerebrum in to right and left halves.

Back 11

Longitudinal Fissure

Front 12

This lobe lies between the temporal bone and the lateral sulcus. It functions in memory, vision, learning, hearing, and emotional behavior.

Back 12

Temporal Lobe

Front 13

This structure functions to integrate all sensory information (with exception of smell) from the body, and channels it into proper processing regions of the cerebrum.

Back 13

Thalamus

Front 14

The longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into right and left what?

Back 14

Cerebral Hemisphere's

Front 15

A region that is also called the "mesencephalon." It is located above the pons and is the smallest part of the brain stem. The oculomotor, trochlear, and trigeminal cranial nerves originate in this area.

Back 15

Midbrain

Front 16

The structure that is the major integration system between various organ systems and the nervous system. It coordinates activities of both the nervous and endocrine systems, and between voluntary and autonomic activities. It is attached directly to the pituitary.

Back 16

Hypothalamus

Front 17

The structure that process olfactory information and contains centers for reflex movements involved in eating, such as chewing, licking, and swallowing.

Back 17

Mammillary Body

Front 18

The region that regulates the day/ night cycle. Secretes the hormone melatonin, which effects sleepiness.

Back 18

Pineal Body

Front 19

The part of the brain that contains the nerve tracts and physically joins the two cerebral hemispheres.

Back 19

Corpus Callosum

Front 20

These bulbs are located just below the frontal lobes. They function in the sense of smell.

Back 20

Olfactory bulbs

Front 21

A structure that is located on the bottom- center of the brain where the two optic nerves cross.

Back 21

Optic Chiasma

Front 22

Located just above the medulla on the brain stem. It works with the medulla to control respiration and help regulate sleep. It is the origin of the trigeminal, abducens, facial, and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves.

Back 22

Pons

Front 23

At the base of the brain stem. Contains nerve centers for the regulation of heart rate ❤, blood vessel diameter, respiration, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing and hiccoughing.

Back 23

Medulla Oblongata

Front 24

There are how many pairs of spinal nerves?

Back 24

31

Front 25

A vascular layer of connective tissue which functions to protect the brain and spinal cord.

Back 25

Arachnoid Layer of Meninges

Front 26

This area surrounds the gray matter. It is composed of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. It has three regions.

Back 26

White Matter of Spinal Cord

Front 27

A thin, transparent layer of connective tissues on the surface of the brain and spinal cord. It co tains blood vessels that nourish the spinal cord.

Back 27

Pia Mater

Front 28

A space between the arachnoid and pia mater containing CSF.

Back 28

Subarachnoid space

Front 29

This area is shaped like a butterfly or the capital letter "H" in cross-section. It is composed of neuron cell bodies, neuroglia cells, dendrites and UNMYELINATED axons. The central canal is at the center of this area.

Back 29

Gray Matter of Spinal Cord

Front 30

These are the nerve tracks that connect the spinal cord with various regions of the body.

Back 30

Spinal Nerve

Front 31

This area contains the cell bodies of somatic and autonomic sensory neurons.

Back 31

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Front 32

The most superficial layer of connective tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It functions to protect the brain and spinal cord (CNS).

Back 32

Dura Mater

Front 33

This structure contains the cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons that innervate the skeletal muscles.

Back 33

Ventral Root of Spinal Nerve

Front 34

These structures contain the axons of the autonomic sensory neurons.

Back 34

Dorsal Root of Spinal Nerve

Front 35

There are how many cranial nerves?

Back 35

12

Front 36

Location: a mixed nerve originating in the brain and terminating at the eye.

Function: sensory function is to provide information on the position of the eye. Motor functions include eye and eye lid movement, controlling pupil diameter, and focusing.

Back 36

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

Front 37

Location: originates in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity and terminates in the olfactory lobe.

Function: a sensory nerve functioning in the sense of smell.

Back 37

Olfactory nerve (I)

Front 38

Location: a mixed nerve which originates in the brain and terminates in the eye.

Function: sensory function is to provide information on the position of the eye. Motor functions are lateral and inferior movement of the eye.

Back 38

Trochlear Nerve (IV)

Front 39

Location: originates in the retina and goes to the optic chiasma. The right nerve goes to the left hemisphere and the left nerve goes to the right hemisphere.

Function: a sensory nerve involved in vision.

Back 39

Optic Nerve (II)

Front 40

Location: a mixed nerve with motor fibers originating in the medulla and terminating in the pharyngeal region, digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. The sensory fibers originate in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, the pharyngeal region, and external ear.

Function: sensory functions involve sensations from the respiratory tract, pharyngeal region, external ear canal, and hunger and fullness. Motor functions include controlling swallowing, coughing, speech, and smooth muscles of the respiratory and digestive systems.

Back 40

Vagus (X)

Front 41

Location: a mixed nerve originating in the pons and innervating the lateral rectus eye muscles.

Function: sensory function is to provide information on the position of the eye. Motor function is the lateral movement of the eye.

Back 41

Abducens Nerve (VI)

Front 42

Location: a mixed nerve dividing into three branches. The branches originate in the face, jaws, mouth, tongue, and scalp and terminate in the pons.

Function: sensory function is to transport information from various touch receptors on the face. Motor function is chewing.

Back 42

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

Front 43

Location: a mixed nerve with motor fibers originating in the medulla, and traveling to the pharyngeal region. Sensory fibers originate in the pharyngeal region, middle and external ear, rear of tongue, and carotid arteries.

Function: sensory functions are taste and touch by the tongue, the gag reflex, regulation of blood pressure, and respiration. Motor functions include the control of pharyngeal muscles in swallowing speech, salivation, and the gag reflex.

Back 43

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

Front 44

Location: a mixed nerve originating in the pons. It innervates the muscles of the face, scalp, neck, and salivary glands.

Function: sensory functions are reception of taste stimuli from anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the position of face and scalp muscles. Motor functions include controlling facial expressions and secretions from the salivary glands.

Back 44

Facial Nerve (VII)

Front 45

Location: a mixed nerve originating in the inner ear and terminating in the thalmus.

Function: sensory nerve functioning in hearing and equilibrium. Motor functions include a response to head and neck changes in equilibrium.

Back 45

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Front 46

Location: a mixed nerve originating in the medulla and upper cervical portions of the spinal cord

Function: sensory function is to provide information on the position of the muscles of head, neck, and shoulders. Motor functions include controlling those muscles and voluntary swallowing.

Back 46

Accessory Nerve (XI)

Front 47

Location: primarily a motor nerve originating in the upper cervical portions of the spinal cord and terminating in the muscles of the tongue.

Function: sensory function is to provide information on tongue movement. Motor function is to control muscles involved in food manipulation, swallowing, and speech.

Back 47

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

Front 48

These are examples of stretch reflexes commonly used to demonstrate somatic reflexes.

Back 48

Patellar and Achilles Reflexe