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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Morphine |
Respiratory depression Opioid receptor agonist Contraindicatdin head trauma
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Codeine |
Weak opiod, combined with NSAIDs` |
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Methadone |
Opioid receptor agonist
Replaces heroin, morphine, etc., and due to a long t1/2 allows a slow taper to withdrawal without the reaction. Accumulates with repeated dosing. |
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Meperidine
Phenylpiperidine: |
Rapid Onset, short duration.
Accumulation of this metabolite is enhanced in those who are renally compromised
Metabolite Normeperidine may accumulate and cause seizures, CNS excitement. |
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Fentanyl
Alfentanil Sufentanil Remifentanil
:Phenylpiperidine |
100x more potent than morphine IV analgesic
Available as transdermal (patch) and transmucosal (lozenge) formulations |
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Heroin |
Semisynthetic is metabolised to morphine for action.
Diacetylmorphine is lipid soluble and crosses BBB (from morphine) |
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Tramadol |
chronic pain, litlle opiod tox
May cause high BP with MAOI on board. Often combined with acetaminophen (liver toxicity)
Codeine analog. |
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Diphenoxylate |
Weak Mu or Kappa agonists
Antidiarrheal |
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Naloxone |
Fast onset and short duration of action. Repeated administration needed until opioid is cleared from the body.
Antagonist at all opioid receptors (μ, σ, κ) |
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Naltrexone |
Like Naloxone but 5x more potent; up to 72 hr duration
Maintenance therapy; can be given alternate days. May reduce alcohol cravings in alcoholics
Caution in hepatic patient. |
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Buprenorphine
Nalbuphine Pentazocine
Butorphanol |
Buprenorphine (partial μ agonist, κ antagonist)
Buprenorphine used in some maintenance rehabilitation programs.
Analgesia without euphoria, less chance for dependence. (high doses) |
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Amphetamines |
methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine modafanil
Inhibit transporters of CNS amines: DA, NE, serotonin
hyperthermia, seizures “bug crawl”
Overdose: acidify urine, supportive therapy, lorazepam, haloperidol |
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THC |
G inhibitory (Gi) Binds to cannabinoid receptor |
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Lvorphanol |
isomer of morphine doesn'tcause addiction |