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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Holoprosencephaly is associated with what gene?
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sonic hedgehog gene
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What are the characteristics of arnold-chiari malformtion type II
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Herniation of vermis through foramen magnum
Small posterior fossa Hydrocephalus (80%) Lumbar myelomeningocele |
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What are the characterisitics of arnold chiari malformation type I
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may be asymptomatic
associated with syringomyelia may cause CSF outflow obstruction |
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What are the characteristics of Dandy Walker malformation?
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Vermal agenesis
Cystically dilated 4th ventricle Enlarged posterior fossa Hydrocephalus (frequent) |
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Cerebral palsy is associated with what event in the neonatal period?
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ischemic event
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What kind of trauma is associated with shaken baby syndrome?
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diffuse axonal injury --> white matter damage with rotational force
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Head hitting fixed object injury (fall)
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usually CONTREcoup
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Free moving head hit by moving object (maybe a bat)
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coup injury
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Difference in ICP with arterial and venous blood?
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ICP increased with arterial
ICP normal with venous |
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Where are the most sensitive neurons to global cerebral ischemia located?
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Sommer's sector of hippocampus and cerebellar Purkinje cells.
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Where do border zone (watershed) infarcts occur?
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junctional zones between arterial distributions
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy occurs in small and medium vessels when amyloid is deposited in the walls which weakens them. It is associated with what disease?
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Alzheimer's Disease
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Where do most embolic infarctions occur in the brain?
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In the MCA distribution because it handles the most blood. Usually occur at bifurcations.
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Anticoagulation should be used for embolic or thrombotic infartcs?
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Thrombotic infarcts.
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TIAs usually occur with which type of infarct?
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Thrombotic infarcts
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What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?
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Hypertension
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Most common site of intracranial hemorrhage.
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Putamen
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Most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
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Ruptured berry aneurysm
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Most common vascular malformation found on autopsy.
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venous angioma (varix)
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Characteristics of Foix-Alajouanine disease
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venous malformation of meninges and spinal chord
usually middle aged men |
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Acute pyogenic meningitis in NEWBORNS usually caused by?
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Strep B
or E. Coli |
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Acute pyogenic meningitis in CHILDHOOD usually caused by?
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Pneumococcos and Neisseria
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Acute pyogenic meningitis in adolescence usually caused by?
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Neisseria
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Acute pyogenic meningitis in older adults usually caused by?
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Pneumococcos
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Acute pyogenic meningitis in immunosuppressed usually caused by?
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Gram negative bacteria
and Fungi |
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Why is viral meningitis known as aseptic?
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Don't see neutrophils.
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Where do hematogenously spread brain abscesses typically occur?
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At the gray/ white junction.
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Most common cause of chronic meningoencephalitis.
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TB
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Where is the exudate located in Chronic meningitis secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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base of brain
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Herpes Simplex encephalitis primarily affects which lobe?
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Temporal Lobe usually unilateral.
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What is the most common opportunistic infection (in the CNS) in AIDS patients?
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CMV
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What causes foaming and fear of water in Rabies?
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pharyngeal muscle contraction on swallowing
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What is the classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis?
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hydrocephalus, cerebral calcifications, chorioretinitis
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What is the primary immune mechanism of multiple sclerosis?
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CD4 T-cells attacking myelin
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What is typically the first symptom of MS?
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visual disturbance (optic neuritis)
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How can you delineate a blood serum electrophoresis from a CSF electrophoresis?
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in CSF there is a pre albumin band
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Marchiafava-Bignami disease shows demylination of what structure?
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corpus collosum
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