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37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Holoprosencephaly is associated with what gene?
sonic hedgehog gene
What are the characteristics of arnold-chiari malformtion type II
Herniation of vermis through foramen magnum
Small posterior fossa
Hydrocephalus (80%)
Lumbar myelomeningocele
What are the characterisitics of arnold chiari malformation type I
may be asymptomatic
associated with syringomyelia
may cause CSF outflow obstruction
What are the characteristics of Dandy Walker malformation?
Vermal agenesis
Cystically dilated 4th ventricle
Enlarged posterior fossa
Hydrocephalus (frequent)
Cerebral palsy is associated with what event in the neonatal period?
ischemic event
What kind of trauma is associated with shaken baby syndrome?
diffuse axonal injury --> white matter damage with rotational force
Head hitting fixed object injury (fall)
usually CONTREcoup
Free moving head hit by moving object (maybe a bat)
coup injury
Difference in ICP with arterial and venous blood?
ICP increased with arterial
ICP normal with venous
Where are the most sensitive neurons to global cerebral ischemia located?
Sommer's sector of hippocampus and cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Where do border zone (watershed) infarcts occur?
junctional zones between arterial distributions
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy occurs in small and medium vessels when amyloid is deposited in the walls which weakens them. It is associated with what disease?
Alzheimer's Disease
Where do most embolic infarctions occur in the brain?
In the MCA distribution because it handles the most blood. Usually occur at bifurcations.
Anticoagulation should be used for embolic or thrombotic infartcs?
Thrombotic infarcts.
TIAs usually occur with which type of infarct?
Thrombotic infarcts
What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?
Hypertension
Most common site of intracranial hemorrhage.
Putamen
Most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Ruptured berry aneurysm
Most common vascular malformation found on autopsy.
venous angioma (varix)
Characteristics of Foix-Alajouanine disease
venous malformation of meninges and spinal chord
usually middle aged men
Acute pyogenic meningitis in NEWBORNS usually caused by?
Strep B
or
E. Coli
Acute pyogenic meningitis in CHILDHOOD usually caused by?
Pneumococcos and Neisseria
Acute pyogenic meningitis in adolescence usually caused by?
Neisseria
Acute pyogenic meningitis in older adults usually caused by?
Pneumococcos
Acute pyogenic meningitis in immunosuppressed usually caused by?
Gram negative bacteria
and
Fungi
Why is viral meningitis known as aseptic?
Don't see neutrophils.
Where do hematogenously spread brain abscesses typically occur?
At the gray/ white junction.
Most common cause of chronic meningoencephalitis.
TB
Where is the exudate located in Chronic meningitis secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
base of brain
Herpes Simplex encephalitis primarily affects which lobe?
Temporal Lobe usually unilateral.
What is the most common opportunistic infection (in the CNS) in AIDS patients?
CMV
What causes foaming and fear of water in Rabies?
pharyngeal muscle contraction on swallowing
What is the classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis?
hydrocephalus, cerebral calcifications, chorioretinitis
What is the primary immune mechanism of multiple sclerosis?
CD4 T-cells attacking myelin
What is typically the first symptom of MS?
visual disturbance (optic neuritis)
How can you delineate a blood serum electrophoresis from a CSF electrophoresis?
in CSF there is a pre albumin band
Marchiafava-Bignami disease shows demylination of what structure?
corpus collosum