Cns Pathology

Front 1

Gram stain of Group B streptococcus

Back 1

gram positive cocus

Front 2

MCC of neonatal meningitis

Back 2

Group B streptococcus

Front 3

2nd MCC of neonatal meningitis

Back 3

E. coli
Gram negative rod

Front 4

gram stain of E. coli

Back 4

gram negative rod

Front 5

pathogen found in soft cheese and hot dogs that is a culprit of neonatal meningitis

Back 5

Listeria monocytogenes
Gram positive rod

Front 6

gram stain of Listeria monocytogenes

Back 6

gram positive rod

Front 7

gram stain of Niesseria meningitidis

Back 7

Gram negative diplococcus
located in posterior pharynx

Front 8

MCC of meningitis in those between 1-18 years of age

Back 8

Niesseria menigitidis
gram negative diplococcus

Front 9

MCC of meningitis in those > 18 years of age

Back 9

Streptococcus pneumonia
gram positive diplococcus

Front 10

Gram stain of MCC of meningitis in 18+

Back 10

Gram positive diplococcus
Streptococcus pneumonia

Front 11

Tabes dorsalis

Back 11

type of neurosyphilis
involves posterior root ganglia and posterior columns
causes ataxia, loss of vibration sense, absent DTRs
Argyll-Robertson pupil

Front 12

Most common fungal infection in AIDS

Back 12

Cryptococcus neoformans
- budding yeasts visible in India ink

Front 13

Occurs in DKA
causes frontal lobe abscess
spreads from frontal sinuses

Back 13

Mucor species

Front 14

Protozoa infection that involves the frontal lobes, contracted by swimming in freshwater lakes

Back 14

Nagleria fowleri
- meningoencephalitis

Front 15

Winterbottoms sign

Back 15

Trypansosomes invade blood and lymphatics early in the disease > initial drainage into posterior cervical lymph nodes producing lymphadenopathy

Front 16

MCC of death in Trypanosoma gambiense infection

Back 16

starvation

Front 17

Disease caused by Taenia solium

Back 17

Cysticercosis
- helminth/tapeword: cestode
- patient ingest food or water contaminated with eggs
- eggs develop into larval forms that invade the brain producing calcified cysts causing seizures; hydrocephalus

Front 18

Toxoplasma gondii

Back 18

causes encephalitis
most common CNS space occupying lesion in AIDS
ring enhancing lesions on CT
Congenital toxoplasmosis produces basal ganglia calcification

Front 19

Ulnar nerve roots

Back 19

C8-T1

Front 20

a patient has fractured the medial epicondyle of their right arm. What is at risk for being damaged?

Back 20

Ulnar nerve

Front 21

Ulnar nerve damage produces what findings?

Back 21

produces claw hand (loss of interosseous muscles)

Front 22

Radial nerve roots

Back 22

C5-T1

Front 23

what type of fracture would endanger the radial nerve?

Back 23

mid-shaft fracture of the humerus
draping the arm over a park bench

Front 24

your patient has wrist drop. what nerve have they damaged?

Back 24

radial nerve
C5-T1

Front 25

Axillary nerve roots

Back 25

C5-C6

Front 26

What type of injuries produces axillary nerve damage?

Back 26

fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus
anterior dislocations of the shoulder joint

Front 27

Clinical findings in a patient with axillary nerve damage?

Back 27

cannot abduct their arm to horizontal position or hold at horizontal position when a downward force is applied to the arm
> paralysis of deltoid muscle

Front 28

Meidan nerve roots

Back 28

C6-T1

Front 29

common peroneal nerve roots

Back 29

L4-S2

Front 30

most deficits in common peroneal nerve injury

Back 30

loss of foot eversion due to weakening of peroneus longus and brevis muscles
loss of foot dorsiflexion due to weakening of the tibialis anterior muscles produces slapping gait/high stepping gait
loss of toe extension due to weakening of extensor digitorum longus and hallucis longus muscles
- plantar flexion with foot drop and inversion of the foot

Front 31

Erb Duchenne's palsy

Back 31

brachial plexus lesion involving C5-C6
Waiter's tip deformity

Front 32

Arcus senilis

Back 32

most often occurs in elderly
Gray-opaque at the CORNEAL margin (periphery)
cholesterol deposits in corneal stroma
may indicate hypercholestrolemia

Front 33

Ophthalmia neonatorum

Back 33

Conjuctivitis in newborn
Pathogenesis: Neisseria gonorhoaea (first week)
Chlamydia trachomatis (second week)

Front 34

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Back 34

Purulent conjunctivitis
PAIN with NO blurry vision
cause: S. aureus, S. pneumonia, H. influenza

Front 35

Viral Conjunctivitis

Back 35

Watery exudates
Adenovirus: viral cause of pink eye, preauricular lymphadenopathy
HSV-1: keratoconjunctivitis with denderitic ulcers noted with fluroescein staining

Front 36

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Back 36

seasonal itching of eyes

Front 37

Acanthamoeba infections

Back 37

severe keratoconjunctivitis in patients who do NOT clean their contact lenses properly

Front 38

Stye

Back 38

infection of the eyelid most commonly due to S. aureus

Front 39

Chalazion

Back 39

Granulomatous inflammation involving the meibomian gland in the eyelid
usually disappear on their own within 2 months

Front 40

Orbital cellulitis

Back 40

periorbital redness and swelling that is often secondary to sinusitis
Pathogens: S. pneumonia, H. influenza
CF: fever, proptosis, periorbital swelling, ophthalmoplegia, normal retinal examination

Front 41

Orbital fractures

Back 41

most often associated with blunt trauma to the eye that produces an orbital floor fracture
often associated with edema and ecchymoses of the eyelids and periorbital region
vertical diplopia, prolapse of orbital contents into maxillary sinus, damage to infraorbital nerve may occur in severe fracture

Front 42

Pterygium

Back 42

actinic damage
(Farmers/sailors)
raised triangular encroachment of thickened conjunctiva on the NASAL side of the conjunctiva
may grow onto cornea
Due to excessive exposure to wind, sun, and sand

Front 43

Pinguecula

Back 43

yellow white conjunctival degeneration at the junction of cornea and sclera on the temporal side of the conjunctiva
Does not grow onto the cornea

Front 44

optic neuritis

Back 44

inflammation of the optic nerve
causes: MS, methyl poisoning
Blurry vision or loss of vision
may cause optic atrophy