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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes of CNS infections |
*Bacteria *Viruses *Fungi *Protozoans *Rickettsiae |
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Type of meningitis usually caused by bacteria |
Acute purulent meningitis |
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Type of meningitis usually caused by viruses |
Acute lymphocytic meningitis |
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Common organisms that cause bacterial meningitis |
*Neisseria meningitis *Meningococcus *Streptococcus pneumoniae *Haemophilus influenzae *Escherichia coli |
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Risk factors for bacterial meningitis |
*Head trauma with basal skull fracture *Otitis media *Mastoiditis *Sinusitis *Neurosurgery *Systemic sepsis *Immunocompromise |
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Manifestations of bacterial meningitis |
*Nuchal rigidity *Positive brudzinski sign *Positive kernig's sign *Severe headache *Chills and high fever *Altered level of consciousness >Confusion >Restlessness >Agitation >Irritability *Photophobia *Diplopia *Seizures *Signs of increased ICP *Petechial rash or ecchymosis (meningococcal) *Back and abdominal pain *NV |
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Complications of bacterial meningitis |
*Cranial nerve damage - cranial nerve VIII- nerve deafness *Hydrocephalus |
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Viruses causing viral meningitis |
*Herpes simplex *Herpes zoster *Epstein-Barr *Cytomegalovirus *West Nile virus |
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Manifestations of viral meningitis |
*Flu like symptoms - Mild *Intense headache *Nausea *Vomiting *Lethargy *Photophobia *Mildly elevated temperature *Neck stiffness *Positive brudzinski sign *Positive kernig's sign |
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Generalized infection of the parenchyma of the brain or spinal cord |
Encephalitis |
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Manifestations of Viral Encephalitis |
*Fever *Headache *Stiff neck *Seizures *Altered level of consciousness >Disorientation >Agitation >Restlessness >Lethargy >Drowsiness *Coma |
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Arbovirus encephalitis manifestations |
*Degeneration of nerve cells *Edema and necrosis with or without hemorrhage *Increased ICP *Fever *Malaise *Sore throat *Nausea and vomiting *Stiff neck *Tremors *Paralysis of extremities *Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes *Seizures *Altered level of consciousness |
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Causes of brain abscess |
*Open trauma *Neurosurgery *Infections of the >Mastoid >Middle ear >Nasal cavity >Nasal sinuses *Metastatic spread from other areas of infection |
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Manifestations of a brain abscess |
Early *Chills *Fever *Malaise *Anorexia
*Seizures *Altered level of consciousness *Manifestations of increased ICP *Symptoms related to location |
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Treatment of brain abscess |
*Antibiotics *Drained or surgically removed |
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CSF properties associated with bacterial meningitis |
*Cloudy *Increased white blood cell count *Increased protein *Decreased glucose |
