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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meningococcal meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis)
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-Gram-negative cocci in pairs
-capsule -endotoxin -Carried asymptomatically in many people in nasopharynx -Unknown how bacteria invade blood and meninges -Passed from person to person by respiratory droplets; common in winter, crowds -Vaccine with limited effectiveness |
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Haemophilus meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
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-Gram-negative coccobacilli
-pathogenic forms have capsule -Children are most susceptible -Vaccine consists of capsular antigen |
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Pneumococcal meningitis (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
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-Gram-positive diplococci
– Little known about virulence except for capsule -Found in throats of many people as normal flora -Spread to blood, meninges more common in very young and elderly |
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Listeria monocytogenes meningitis
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-Gram-positive coccobacilli
-Common in immuncompromised, transplant patients, cancer patients -Can also cause in utero infections |
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Nocardia
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-Gram-positive rods
-sometimes stain Gram-negative -aerobic -Weakly acid-fast -Form branched hyphae (similar to fungi, though bacteria) -Can cause secondary infections of CNS after dissemination from lungs |
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Neonatal meningitis
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-Can be caused by a wide range of bacteria
-Most frequent are E. coli and group B beta-hemolytic strep |
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Tuberculous meningitis
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-Infection elsewhere spreads to other organs, including CNS
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Fungal meningitis (Cryptococcus neoformans; Coccidioides immitis)
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-C. neoformans seen in patients with depressed CMI
-Capsulate yeasts seen in CSF -C. immitis common in SW United States, Mexico, S America – Generally not seen in CSF |
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Protozoal meningitis (Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba species, Balamuthia)
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-Reach meninges through the nose; high mortality rate; orgs found in CSF
-Occasionally found in fountains, water parks, public swimming pools |
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Viral meningitis
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-Most common type of meningitis; also called aseptic meningitis
-HSV-2; rare -Mumps virus; rare (vaccine) -Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (arenavirus) from urine of mice, hamsters -Poliovirus, echovirus, coxsackievirus, etc. -EEE and WEE -HIV after early infection |
