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37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is the use of a CT?

1. Good to visualize a fracture


2. Limited soft tissue information

What is usually the exam of choice for spinal cord imaging?

1. MRI--- good bone and soft tissue visualization

What is the urgency of spinal cord compression?

1. Surgical emergency--- 6mm or less

What are the ssx of spinal cord compression?

1. Progressive radiculopathy


2. Back pain


3. Shuffling gait


4. Visible atrophy

1. Spinal cord compression


2. Reduced A/P diameter

1. Epidural abscess

1. Epidural hematoma

What is cauda equina syndrome?

1. Compression of cauda equina nerve roots


2. Ssx can be similar to spinal cord compression


3. No specific measurement warrants surgery

1. Cauda equina syndrome

What is the urgency of cauda equina syndrome?

1. MRI emergency

What are the ssx of cauda equina syndrome?

1. Urinary incontinence/retention


2. Fecal incontinence


3. Saddle anesthesia


4. Lower extremity paralysis

1. Cauda equina syndrome

What causes neurogenic claudication?

1. Central canal spinal stenosis


2. As central canal caliber decreases, intrathecal pressure at that site increases


3. High pressure collapses veins supplying nerve roots--- ischemia, pain, etc.

How do you separate neurogenic claudication from regula claudication?

1. Neurogenic patient gets to symptomatic relief from ambulation


2. Must sit or lie down to get relief

1. Neurogenic claudication

What are the MCC of brachial plexus injury? What are the risks?

1. Contact sports--- stingers


2. Risk--- nerve rootlet avulsion, nerve root sheath can tear, muscle can denervate and atrophy

1. Cervical nerve impingement----

1. Nerve rootlet avulsion

What is a flexion tear drop fracture?

1. Fractures of the anterior/inferior portion of the vetrebra


2. Compresses the anterior of the vertebra and adjacent disc

1. Flexion tear drop fracture

What is an intramedullary mass?

1. Something within the spinal cord

What is an intradural extramedullary mass?

1. Inside the dura, outside the spinal cord

What is a syrinx?

1. Intramedullary mass--- hydromyelia, syringomyelia


2. Most are congenital

With what malformation is a syrinx associated?

1. Chiari I

What is a Tarlov cyst?

1. Extradural


2. Contain nerve--- associated with dorsal nerve root


3. Most in sacral area

What are the ssx of a Tarlov cyst?

1. Pain


2. Radiculopathy

What is a myelomeningocele?

1. Nerve tissue and meninges exiting bony defect

How do you detect spina bifida?

1. Lemon sign on OB ultrasound


2. Banana sign "

1. Syrinx

1. Tarlov cyst

1. Lemon sign--- spina bifida


2. Flattened or concave contour of right and left frontal areas of skull

1. Banana sign--- spina bifida


2. Anterior curving or flattening of the cerebellum with loss of cisterna magna

What is acute transverse myelitis?

1. Post-infectious complication--- viral


2. Affects white and gray matter


3. Ssx=pain, paresthesia, loss/dysfunction in motor, autonomic, and sensory

1. Spina bifida occulta

1. Transverse myelitis

How is MS best visualized?

1. MRI--- T2 intense plaques in white matter

1. MS--- plaques