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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is the original structure from which the CNS is derived?

1. Neural plate

How is the neural groove formed?

1. Beginning of 4th week, neural crests formed in middle of neural plate


2. Crest+depression=neural groove

What does the neural crest give rise to?

1. PNS


2. DRG


3. Ganglia of V, VII, VIII, IX, and X


4. Schwann cells


5. SNS and PSNS gnaglia


6. Chromaffin cells


7. Pigment cells


8. Enteric nervous system

What leads to the formation of the neural tube?

1. Neural crests become tall to form neural tube

What are the initial openings in the neural tube?

1. Cranial neuropore


2. Caudal neuropore

What is the neural canal? What does it give rise to?

1. Inner cavity of neural tube


2. Gives rise to ventricular system of brain and central canal of spinal cord

What portion of the neural tube forms into the spinal cord?

1. Neural tube caudal to fourth pair of somites

What are the zones of the neural tube?

1. Ventricular


2. Intermediate


3. Marginal

What type of epithelium lines the ventricular zone? To what does this give rise?

1. Pseudostratified columnar neuroepithelium


2. Gives rise to ependymal cells, glioblasts, and neuroblasts

Into what do glioblasts differentiate?

1. Astroblasts


2. Oligodendroblasts

What type of cell forms the intermediate zone?

1. Neuroblasts--- become neurons

To what does the marginal zone give rise?

1. White matter of spinal cord

What are the phagocytes of the CNS?

1. Microglial cells

What is the sulcus limitans? How is it formed?

1.  Shallow groove on the wall of the neural tube
2.  Separates lateral wall into alar plate and basal plate

1. Shallow groove on the wall of the neural tube


2. Separates lateral wall into alar plate and basal plate

Into what does the alar plate develop?

1. Dorsal horn--- afferent


2. Dorsal roots of spinal nerves


3. GVA, SVA, GSA, SSA

Into what does the basal plate develop?

1. Lateral and ventral horns--- efferent


2. Ventral roots of spinal nerves


3. GSE, SVE, GVE

What is spina bifida occulta?

1. Failure of bony spinal canal to close


2. No structural herniation


3. Dura intact


4. Typically there is a tuft of hair

What is a menigocele?

1. Herniation of meanings and CSF through spinal canal defect

What is a meningomyelocele?

1. Herniation of meninges and spinal cord herniate though spinal canal defect

What are the initial three dilatations of the primary brain?

1. Prosencephalon


2. Mesencephalon


3. Rhombencephalon

Into what does the prosencephalon subsequently divide?

1. Telencephalon


2. Diencephalon

Into what does the rhombencephalon subsequently divide?

1. Metencephalon


2. Myelencephalon

What gives rise to the fourth ventricle?

1. Thin layer of highly vascular pia mater in the rhombencephalon

Into what does the myelencephalon develop?

1. Medulla oblongata

What separates the metencephalon from the myelencephalon?

1. Pontine flexure

Into what does the metencephalon develop?

1. Pons


2. Cerebellum


3. Superior part of 4th ventricle

Into what do cerebellar alar plate neurons differentiate?

1. Macroneurons


2. Microneurons

What are macroneurons?

1. Cells of cerebellar nuclei and Purkinje cells


2. Generated by ventricular neuroepithelium and neuroblasts

What are microneurons?

1. Granule, stellate, and basket cells


2. Proliferating cells in superficial layer migrate across cerebellum to form an external granular layer

How do cells destined to become granule cells migrate?

1. Superficial to deep


Where do stellate and basket cells become trapped?

1. Molecular layer

What are the cerebellar folia?

1. Folding of cerebellar vermis and hemispheres


2. Increase surface area of cortex

What is Friedrich ataxia?

1. Affects DRG, spinal cord, and cerebellum


2. Characterized by clumsy gait, ataxia of upper limbs, and disturbed speech articulation

How do you test for a NTD?

1. AFP and AchE in amniotic fluid