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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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relative concentration of protein and glucose in CSF and plasma
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protein: CSF-<45; plasma-6000
glucose: CSF-64; plasma-100 CSF glucose=2/3 blood glucose |
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inflammation of part of brain or spinal cord; infection located in subarachnoid space (CSF)
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meningitis
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focal intracranial infection in brain (collection of pus surrounded by capsule)
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brain abscess
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infection b/t dura mater and arachnoid
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subdural empyema
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localized infection b/t dura mater and skull or vertebral column
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epidural abscess
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What can't cross the blood brain barrier?
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antibiotics (exception-early in infection/inflammation)
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CNS immune response
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with inflammation, BBB is breached (at microvascular endothelium-caused by cytokine secrection from macrophages)
serum proteins move in PMNs (neutrophils) too T cells and antibiotics can also cross BBB |
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most common spread of infection
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hemtogenous spread-from extracranial foci/retrograde propagation w/in emissary veins
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fever, headache, stiff neck, convulsions, drowsiness, coma, positive CSF gram stain test
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acute bacterial meningitis
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mode of entry into subarachnoid space
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blood borne (through vascular endothelium or Choroid plexus-follows nasopharyngeal colonization)
from blood-b/t endothelial cells (disrupted tight junctions) extension-otitis media, paranasal sinus, through bone trauma-skull fracture, CSF leak |
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Haemophilus influenzae
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gram negative, pleomorphic bacilli
humans only reservoir-spread by air droplets fastidious-requires X and V factors (hemin/hematin and NAD/NADPH) for growth survivors often become deaf usually spread hematogenously prophylaxis-vaccinations of Hib (H. flu type B) grows only on chocolate agar encapsulated strain more invasive nonencapsulated strains-cause ear infections |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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gram postive lancet shaped diplocccus
a-hemolytic, optichin positive (optichin inhibits its growth) encapsulated most frequent cause of adult meningitis (complication of many things) pili-for attachment, invasion developing vaccines targeting pili |
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Neisseria meningitidis overview
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gram negative diplococcus, oxidase positive (reagent turns purple)
respiratory transmission encapsulated ferments glucose and maltose 13 serotypes-vaccines against A, C, Y, and W-135 causes disease in younger population pili-attachment to epithelial cells |
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N. meningitidis pathogenic factors
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opa-protein for binding to mucosal surfaces
LOS-prevent complement induced lysis |
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N. meningitidis growth and selection
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not fastidious-grown on blood and chocolate agar (heated blood w/ lysed RBCs)
selection: Thayer-Martin selective agar; VCNT (vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, trimethoprim) |
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Listeria monocytogenes
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gram positive motile rod
food born mainly immunocompromised, fetal, and maternal death |
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Streptoccus agalactiae (group B strep)
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found in vagina
common cause of disease in newborn-preventable (screening and intrapartum antibiotics) |
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chronic menigitis
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neurological symptoms and sings persist/progress, CSF abnormal >4 weeks
caused by M. tuberculosis, brucellosis, syphilis, lyme disease (slower growth bacteria) |
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brain abscess
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focal infection in brain itself
spread form contiguous source-otitis media, sinusitis dental trauma, etc. less commonly from distant site |
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infection must peel dura mater from skull in order to spread in this plane
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epidural abscess
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infection can easily create space and move w/in this potential space b/t dura mater and arachnoid (membranes held together by outward pressure of brain
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subdural empyema
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spinal epidural abscess or subdural empyema
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in spine, there's an actual epidural space (infection can spread unimpeded here via extension or hematogenously)
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