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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What systemic disease is associated with giant cell astrocytoma |
tuberous sclerosis Neurofibromatosis
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What systemic disease is associated with astrocytomas, optic neuromas and enlargement of middle cranial fossa?
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neurofibromatosis type 1
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What is the earliest manifiestation of neurofibromatosis type 1?
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cafe au lait spots.
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name a skeletal manifestation of NF1 |
dysplasia of the scapula
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Tegmentum is located
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ventral to the cerebral aqueduct
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under the microscope, what is difficult to differentiate from DNET?
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oligodendroglioma. |
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What kind of glial cells are choroid plexus cells most similar to? |
Ependymal cells
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What is a thornwaldt cyst?
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midline nasopharyngeal mucosal cyst.
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Brainstem glioma demographic (mean age in years) |
Paediatric
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Pars compacta is a part of the
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substantia nigra |
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Describe the WHO classification for astrocytomas? |
localized astrocytoma WHO grade I, diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II, anaplastic astrocytoma, GBM
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benign intraventricular neuroepithelial tumour with a cauliflower-like appearance (and DDx)
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Choroid plexus papiloma
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Where do astrocytomas typically occur in children?
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posterior fossa, hypothalamus, optic chiasm |
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What is the thin epithelium-like lining of the ventricular system and spinal cord called? |
Ependyma
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what does PNET stand for?
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primative neuroectodermal tumour
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Most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans
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Glioblastoma multiforme |
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MR findings in wernicke's encephalopathy
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bilateral medial thalamic T2 hyperintensity
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Pars compacta is a part of the
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substantia nigra
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What are the 3 types of glial cells
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astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells
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most common posterior fossa tumor in children
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medulloblastoma (35%)
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from where does medulloblastoma usually arise?
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superior medullary velum
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what is the superior medullary velum?
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thin lamina of white matter extending between the superior cerebral peduncles and forming the roof of the 4th ventricle.
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Glioblastoma multiforme is often compared to the shape of a
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butterfly
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DDx for midline septumpellucidum mass
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ependymoma, intraventricular meningioma, subependymoma, choroid plexus papilloma, colloid cyst
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intracerebral dermoid cyst can be thought of as being along a spectrum with ____ ___ at one end and _____ at the other
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epidermoid cysts <--> teratomas |
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What is the tuber cinereum? |
Hollow eminence of grey matter between mamillary bodies and optic chiasm. It is just posterior to the pituitary stalk. Part of the hypothalamus. |
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DDx of a cystic pituitary lesion |
Craniopharyngioma (nodular and calcified), cystic pituitary adenoma (usually not cystic), Rathke cleft cyst. |
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What is this likely to be? |
gangioglioma |
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What is this lesion likely to be |
ganglioglioma |
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Define Behcet Disease |
Multisystem vascular-inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. |
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Describe Fabry disease |
x-linked inherited lysosomal storage disease with a distinctive pattern of basal ganglia calcification. |
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Give a brief description of a Subependymoma |
Asymptomatic 4th ventricle lesion/s found in older men. |
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DDx of an infiltrative brainstem lesion |
brainstem glioma brainstem encephalitis |
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Describe a typical ependymoma |
4th ventricle lesion extending through the formamen of Luschka in a child with NF2 |
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What is the Ddx for an ependymoma? |
PNET-MB (medulloblastoma) PA (pilocytic astrocytoma) CPP (choroid plexus papilloma) |
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Benign but locally aggressive lesion arising from the sphenopalatine foramen and spreading laterally into the pterygopalatine fossa in children. |
(Juvenile) nasopharyngeal angiofibroma |
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Lewy bodies are associated with |
Parkinson disease |
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Pick bodies are associated with |
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration |
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Frontotemporal lobar degeneration may have what two patterns of tau deposition? |
tangles and Pick bodies |
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Name two examples of "Parkinson-plus syndromes" |
progressive supranuclear palsy corticobasal degeneration |
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sporadic disorder characterized by alpha-synuclein cytoplasmic inclusions in oligodendrocytes |
Multiple system atrophy |
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What protein is abundant in Lewy bodies? |
alpha-synuclein |
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Huntington disease is characterized by degradation and atrophy of which neurones? |
striatal neurones |
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Freidreich ataxia affects mainly the |
spine |
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Ataxia-telangiectasia prognosis |
death in late childhood |
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis usually presents in . . |
late adulthood |
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Pneumonia due to reduced function of respiratory muscles is a complication of . . |
Amytrophic lateral sclerosis |
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Results in death before age 3 |
Spinal muscular atrophy |
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Ataxia is characteristically the result of degeneration of which white matter circuit? |
olivopontocerebellar |
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Parkinsonism is a result of degeneration of what white matter tract? |
striatonigral tract |
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Vitamin B12 deficiency results in |
subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord |
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neurenteric cyst |
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12 year old boy, engulfed pituitary calcification |
germinoma |
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what is the hole called? |
tentorial incisure |
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FLAIR shows subcortical hyperintensity in the region of the motor cortex. |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. |
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the hummingbird sign is seen in |
Progressive supranuclear palsy |
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the hot-cross-bun sign is seen in |
multiple system atrophy |
