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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the sources of blood flow to thre brain?
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cartoid and vertebrals
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Circle of Willis
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at the base of the brain their branches form the Circle of Willis this allow for collateral circualr
brain anureyms happen here |
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What divides the 2 hemispheres
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falx
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gyrus
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elevated convolutions
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superficial lobes
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frontal
parietal temporal occipital |
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limbic lobe
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deeper cerebral structures
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ectodermal
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CNS orgin of development from the neural tube
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anencephaly
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fluid filled center of the neural tube persists as teh ventricular system. Failure of
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Embryonic Brain Development
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five vesicles fromt eh rostral neural tube.. the telencephalon gives rise to teh ceebral hemisphere
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First layer of the cerebral hemispheres
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no cell bodies but lots of dendrites from pyramidal cells in layer 5
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deeper layers
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primarily axons- white matter
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three types of fibers found in the white matter
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association
transverse of commissural projection |
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fxn of projection
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can carry information directed awaay or toward cerebral cells
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Gray matter
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superficial aspects of the hemispheres--- owing to the large number of cells
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association fibers
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white matter- relay info from one area to another and are confined to teh same side... for example- there are 20 assocation areas for vision
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commissural fibers
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these cross from one hemisphere to the other
corpus callosum major tract |
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split brain preparation
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cut corpus callosum
therapy- limit seizure activity |
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projection fibers
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carries info away from the cerebrum is the pyramidal system
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pyramides
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axons group together to form pyramids at the medulla where most decussate. cell bodies originate in layer 5 of cortex
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fxn of pyramids
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control movement
upper motor neurons and may terminate on lower motor neurons and these go to muscles |
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homunculus adn the pyramidal system
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fibers from layer 5 innervate various structures represent as an homunculus
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EPS
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fibers that influence movement and that don't travel in pyramids
part of this system are the basal ganglia: caudate puamen adn globus pallidus. These are deep cerebral nuclei |
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parkinson's dx
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SN cells degenerate
basal ganglia receive input from the substantia nigra dopamine is the NT |
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info to the cerebrum
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via sensory fibers
many also decussate all sensory info goes first to the thalamus. the thalamus is a relay station for sensory info. analysis of visual info is an example |
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vision
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retina> occipital cortex via the optic nerces, chiasm adn lateral geniculare nucleus (thalamus)
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cerebellum
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small brain
recieves input from vestiblular system, eyes, muscles, adn joints adn coordinates movement. it COORDINATES but does not INITIATE movements like rnning, talking, typin LOTS OF GABA |
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ataxia
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associate with lesion of the cerrbellum
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brain stem
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conssists of midbrain, pons, medulla
looks like spinal cord medulla merges with cord.- a diffuse network of fibers RAS- here as well and fibers project to thalamus- contorl consciousness |
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Lesion of RAS (reticular activating system
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coma, temporary or permanent
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cranial nerves
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exit form the brain stem
9-12- medulla pons 6-8 midbrain 3-5 |
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level of foramen magnum
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medulla and spinal cord merge
cell interior surrounded by fiber tracts dorsal(sensory) and ventral )motor) roots form spinal nerves |
