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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?
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Shape, Protection, & Movement
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Complications from Immobility?
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Contractures, Muscular atrophy, Osteoporosis (brittle bones)
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What are back bones called?
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Vertebrae (spine)
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What cushions vertebrae?
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Cartilage (disks)
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Name the 4 types of joints
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Ball and socket
Pivot Hinge Gliding joints |
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3 types of muscle
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Cardiac, Involuntary (smooth), Voluntary (skeletal)
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Bone to Bone?
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Ligament
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Muscle to Bone?
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Tendon
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what reduces friction/lubricates?
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bursa (synovial fluid)
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What is Arthritis?
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inflammation of the joints
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What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
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-autoimmune disease
-degenerative disease -pain, swelling, stiffness, inflammation -exacerbations and remissions |
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What is Osteoarthritis?
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**Main cause: Wear and Tear
-cartilage breaks down -bones rub together (like in knees and hips) |
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CNA interventions for patients w/ Arthritis?
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-gentle ROM
-assist w/ ADLs -position for comfort -report pain -prevent contractures/deformities |
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What is Osteoporosis?
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-loss of bone mass
**fracture = first sign -pain = dominant symptom |
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CNA interventions for patients w/ osteoporosis?
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-gentle ROM
-careful during ADLs -report pain **prevent fractures |
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Types of Bone Fractures
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Greenstick (kids)
Spiral (~~~ spiral break) Comminuted (crushed, bat, motorcyc accid.) Transverse (straight across) Compound (open fracture, breaks skin) Vertebral Compression Depression (caved in bone, hammer to head) |
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S/S of fracture?
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Pain
Edema Ecchymosis (bruising) Limited Movement |
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Tx of fracture?
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-Control pain
-prevent/reduce edema -keep fracture immobile -infection prevention **Prevent complications from immobility **CMET: color, motion/movement, edema, temp. |
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What is the most common fracture in the elderly?
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Hip fracture
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What causes hip fracture?
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osteoporosis &/or falls
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Tx for hip fract.
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surgery: ORIF, total hip arthroplasty
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CNA interventions with hip fracture patients?
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-post hip replacement care
**DONT flex hip past 90 degrees -never cross legs **DONT internally rotate affected hip -elevate head of bed no more than 45 degrees -use fracture pan -TED hose -abductor pillow -avoid weight bearing |
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Post-op care for Total Joint Replacement?
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-check & inspect skin q-2 hours
-prevent infections -ROM -TED hose -Assist w/ ADLs -CPM (continuous passive motion) |
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Ruptured or Slipped Disc results in what?
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pain, numbness, tingling, weakness
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What is a Laminectomy?
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surgical removal of the protruding portion of the disc
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What is Fusion?
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vertebrae are fixated together
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Lower Extremity Amputation
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amputee hkjhfghfddsghg
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What is 'phantom pain'?
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amputee experiences 'pain' in the amputated limb
it may persist for months |
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CNA responsibilities for amputee patient?
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avoid abduction & flexion
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