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330 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a bar
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before
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ADL
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activities of daily living
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am, AM
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morning, before noon
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amb
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ambulate, ambulatory
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amt
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amount
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ap
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apical
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as tol
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as tolerated
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ax.
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axillary (armpit)
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b.i.d., BID
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two times/day
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BM
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bowel movement
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BP, B/P
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blood pressure
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BPM
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beats per minute
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BRP
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bathroom privileges
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c bar
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with
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C
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Centigrade
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cath.
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catheter
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CHF
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congestive heart failure
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c/o
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complains of
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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CPR
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident, stroke
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DAT
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diet as tolerated
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DNR
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do not resuscitate
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DON
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director of nursing
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Dx, dx
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diagnosis
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F
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Fahrenheit or female
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FF
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force fluids
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h hr, hr.
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hour
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HBV
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hepatitis B virus
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HOB
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head of bed
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ht
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height
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HTN
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hypertension
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hyper
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above normal, too fast, rapid
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hypo
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low, less than normal
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I&O
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intake and output
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inc
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incontinent
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isol
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isolation
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IV, I.V.
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intravenous (within a vein)
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lab
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laboratory
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lb.
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pound
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LTC
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long-term care
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meds
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medications
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mL
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milliliter
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mmHg
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millimeters of mercury
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MRSA
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methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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N/A
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not applicable
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NKA
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no known allergies
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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O2
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oxygen
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OBRA
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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
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OOB
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out of bed
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oz
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ounce
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p bar
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after
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peri care
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perineal care
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per os, PO
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by mouth
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PPE
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personal protective equipment
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p.r.n., prn
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when necessary
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q bar
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every
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q2h
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every two hours
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q3h
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every three hours
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q4h
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every four hours
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R
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respirations, rectal
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rehab
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rehabilitation
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RF
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restric fluids
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ROM
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range of motion
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s bar
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without
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SOB
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shortness of breath
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spec.
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specimen
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stat
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immediately
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std. prec.
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standard precautions
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T., temp
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temperature
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TB
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tuberculosis
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t.i.d., TID
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three times a day
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TPR
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temperature, pulse, and respiration
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UTI
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urinary tract infection
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VS, vs
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vital signs
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w/c, W/C
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wheelchair
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wt.
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weight
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abdominal thrusts
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method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking
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abduction
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moving a body part away from the midline of the body
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abrasion
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an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin
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active neglect
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purposely harming a person by failing to provide needed care
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activities of daily living (ADLs)
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personal daily care tasks, such as bathing, dressing, caring for teeth and hair, toileting, eating and drinking, walking, and transferring
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acute care
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care given in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers for people who have an immediate illness
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adaptive devices/assistive devices
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special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform ADLS
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adduction
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moving a body part toward the midline of the body
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adult daycare
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care given at a facility during daytime working hours for people who need some help but are not seriously ill or disabled
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advance directives
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legal documents that allow people to choose what kind of medical care they wish to have if they cannot make those decisions themselves
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affected side
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a weakenede side from a stroke or injury; also called the weaker or involved side
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ageism
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prejudice toward, stereotyping of, and/or discrimination against older persons or the elderly
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Alzheimer's disease
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a progressive, incurable disease that causes tangle nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, which eventually cause dementia
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ambulation
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walking
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angina pectoris
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the medical term for chest pain, pressure, or discomfort due to coronary artery disease
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antimicrobial
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capable of destroying or resisting pathogens
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aspiration
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the inhalation of food, fluid or foreign material into the lungs; can cause pneumonia or death
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assisted living
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living facilities for people who do not need skilled, 24-hour care, although they do require some help with daily care
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atrophy
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the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use
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autoimmune illness
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an illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal tissue in the body
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battery
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touching a person without his or her permission
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bipolar disorder
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type of mental illness that causes a person to swing from deep depression to extreme activity
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bloodborne pathogens
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microorganisms found in human blood, body fluid, draining wounds, and mucous membranes that can cause infection and disease in humans
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body mechanics
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the way the parts of the body work together whenever a person moves
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bony prominences
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areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin
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brachial pulse
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the pulse inside the elbow, about 1 to 1 1/2 inches above the elbow
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
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medical procedures used when a person's heart or lungs have stopped working
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care plan
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a plan developed for each resident to achieve certain goals; it outlines the steps and tasks that the care team must perform
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catastrophic reaction
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overreacting to something
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catheter
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a thin tube inserted into the body that is used to drain or inject fluids
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causative agent
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a pathogen or microorganism that causes disease
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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a government agency under the Dep of Health and Human Services (HHS) that issues information to protect the health of individuals and communities
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cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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a condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off suddenly by a clot or a ruptured blood vessel; aka stroke
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chain of command
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the line of authority in a facility that helps make sure that residents get proper health care
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chain of infection
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way of describing how disease is transmitted from one living being to another
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charting
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writing down important information and observations about residents
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Cheyne-Stokes
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slow, irregular respiration or rapid, shallow respirations
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chronic
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being long-term or long-lasting
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cite
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in a long-term care facility, to find a problem through a survey
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claustrophobia
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the fear of being in a confined space
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clean
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in health care, a condition in which objects are not contaminated with pathogens
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cliches
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phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything
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closed bed
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a bed completely made with the bedspread and blankets in place
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Clostridium difficile (C-diff, C. difficile)
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bacterial illness that causes diarrhea and can cause colitis
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cognition
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the ability to think logically and quickly
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cognitive
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related to thinking and learning
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cognitive impairment
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loss of ability to think logically; concentration and memory are affected
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condom catheter
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catheter that has an attachment on the other end that fits onto the penis; also called an external or "Texas" catheter
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conscientious
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guided by a sense of right and wrong; having principles
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conscious
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the state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts
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constrict
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to narrow
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contracture
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the permanent and often painful stiffening of a joint and muscle
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cyanotic
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skin that is so pale, blue, or gray
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dangle
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to sit up with the feet over the side of the bed in order to regain balance
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defense mechanisms
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unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress
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delusions
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persistent false beliefs
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dementia
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a general term that refers to a serious loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating
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developmental disabilities
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disabilities that are present at birth or emerge during childhood that restrict physical or mental ability
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diabetes
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a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough or does not properly use insulin
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diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
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complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little insulin; also called hyperglycemia or diabetic coma
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diagnosis
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physician's determination of an illness
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diastolic
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second measurement of blood pressure; phase when the heart relaxes or rests
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diet cards
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cards that list the resident's name and information about special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and other instruction
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digestion
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the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells
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dilate
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to widen
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direct contact
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touching an infected person or his secretions
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dirty
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in health care, a condition in which objects have been contaminated with pathogens
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disinfection
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process tha tkill pathogens, but not all microorganisms; it reduces the organism count to a level that is generally not considered infectious
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disorientation
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confusion about person, place ,or time
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disposable razor
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type of razor, usually plastic, that is discarded after one use; requires the use of shaving cream or soap
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diuretics
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medications that reduce fluid volume in the body
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doff
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to remove
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domestic violence
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physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by spouses, intimate partners, or family members
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don
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to put on
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do-not-resuscitate (DNR)
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an order that tells medical professionals not to perform CPR
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dorsiflexion
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bending backward
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draw sheets
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sheets that are placed under residents to help with turning, lifting, or moving up in bed
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durable power of attorney for health care
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a signed, dated, and witnessed paper that appoints someone else to make the medical decisions for a person in the event he or she becomes unable to do so
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dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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dyspnea
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difficulty breathing
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edema
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swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues
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electric razor
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type of razor that runs on electricity; does not require the use of soap or shaving cream
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elimination
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the process of expelling solid wastes made up of the waste products of food that are not absorbed into the cells
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elope
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in medicine, when a person with Alzheimer's disease wanders away from the protected area and does not return
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emesis
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the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth
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emotional lability
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laughing or crying without any reason, or when it is inappropriate
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enema
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a specific amount of water, with or without an additive, that is introduced into the colon to eliminate stool
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ergonomics
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the science of designing equipment and work tasks to suit the worker's abilities
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expiration
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exhaling air out of the lungs
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expressive aphasia
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inability to speak or speak clearly
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extension
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straightening a body part
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false imprisonment
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the unlawful restraint of someone which affects the person's freedom of movement; includes both the threat of being physically restrained and actually being physically restrained
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fecal incontinence
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the inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool; also called anal incontinence
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financial abuse
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the act of stealing, taking advantage of, or improperly using the money, property, or other assets of another person
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first aid
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emergency care given immediately to an injured person
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flammable
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easily ignited and capable of burning quickly
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flexion
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bending a body part
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fluid balance
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taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid
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fluid overload
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a condition that occurs when the body is unable to handle the amount of fluid consumed
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foot drop
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a weakness of muscles in the feet and ankles that causes problems with the ability to flex the ankles and walk normally
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force fluids
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a medical order for a person to drink more fluids
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Fowler's
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position in which a person is in a semi-sitting position (45 to 60 degrees)
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fracture
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a broken bone
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fracture pan
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a bedpan that is flatter than a regular bed pan
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full weight bearing (FWB)
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able to bear 100 percent of body weight on one or both legs on a step
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gait belt
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a belt made of canvas or other heavy material used to assist people who are weak, unsteady, or uncoordinated; also called a transfer belt
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gastostomy
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surgical opening into the stomach
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gestational diabetes
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type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy
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hallucination
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illusions a person sees, hears, smells, tastes, or feels
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hand antisepsis
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washing hands with water and soap or other detergents that contain an antiseptic agent
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hat
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in health care, a collection container that is sometimes inserted into a toilet to collect and measure urine or stool
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healthcare-associated infectiosn (HAIs)
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infections that patients acquire within healthcare settings that result from treatment for other conditions
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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a federal law that requires health information be kept private and secure and that organizations must take special steps to protect this information
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hemiparesis
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weakness on one side of the body
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hemiplegia
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paralysis on one side of the body
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver caused by infection
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hoarding
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collecting and putting things away in a guarded manner
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holistic care
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a type of care that involved considering a whole system, such as a whole person, rather than dividing the system into parts
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home health care
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care that takes place in a person's home
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homeostasis
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the condition in which all of the body's systems are working their best
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hormones
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chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions
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hospice care
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holistic, compassionate care given in facilities or homes for people who have six months or less to live
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hyperalimentation
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the intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive tract
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hypertension
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high blood pressure
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indirect contact
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touching something contaminated by an infected person
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indwelling catheter
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a type of catheter that remains inside the bladder for a period of time; the urine drains into a bag
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infection
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the state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying
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infection control
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measures practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease
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input
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the fluid a person consumes; also called intake
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inspiration
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breathing air into the lungs
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insulin
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a hormone that converts glucose into energy for the body
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insulin reaction
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complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia
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involuntary seclusion
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separating a person from others against the person's will
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involved
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term used to refer to the weaker, or affected, side of the body after a stroke or injury
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Isolation precautions
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method of infection control used when caring for persons who are infected or suspected of being infected with a disease; also called Transmission-Based Precautions
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lateral
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position in which a person is lying on either side
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liability
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a legal term that means someone can be held responsible for harming someone else
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living will
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a document that states the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case he or she becomes unable to make those decisions for him or herself
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localized infection
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an infection that is confined to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms
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logrolling
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method of moving a person as a unit without disturbing the alignment of the body
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long-term care (LTC)
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care given in long term care facilities (LTCF) for persons who need 24-hour, supervised nursing care
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major depression
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a type of mental illness that may cause a person to lose interest in everything he once cared about
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malpractice
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injury to a person due to professional misconduct through negligence, carelessness, or lack of skill
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Medicaid
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a medical assistance program for low-income people
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medical asepsis
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the process of removing pathogens, or the state of being free of pathogens
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Medicare
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a federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, are disabled, or are ill and cannot work
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metabolism
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physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or broken down into energy or products for use by the body
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microbe
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a living thing or organism
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mid-stream
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a type of urine specimen in which the first and last urine are not included in the sample
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Minimum Data Set (MDS)
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a detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents in long-term care facilities; also details what to do if resident problems are identified
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mode of transmission
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method of describing how a pathogen travels from one person to the next person
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modified diets
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diets for people who have certain illnesses; also called special or therapeutic diets
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MRSA
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stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, an antibiotic-resistant infection often acquired by people in hospitals and other healthcare facilities who have weakened immune systems
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mucous membranes
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the membranes that line body cavities such as the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals
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nasogastric tube
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a feeding tube that is inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach
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non-intact skin
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skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, or boils
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nonverbal communicaton
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communicating without using words
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non-weight bearing (NWB)
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unable to support any weight on one or both legs
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obsessive compulsive disorder
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disorder in which a person uses obsessive behavior to cope with anxiety
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obstructed airway
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a condition in which the tube through which air enters the lungs is blocked
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job
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occupied bed
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a bed made while a person is in the bed
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ombudsman
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the legal advocate for residents; helps resolve disputes and settle conflicts
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Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
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law passed by the federal government that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents
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open bed
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a bed made with linen fanfolded down to the foot of the bed
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oral care
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care of the mouth, teeth, and gums
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orthotic device
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a device that helps support and align a limb and improve its functioning and helps prevent or correct deformities
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osteoarthritis
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a common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine
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osteoporosis
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a disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle
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ostomy
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a surgically-created opening from an area inside the body to the outside
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outpatient care
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care given for less than 24 hours for people who have had treatments or surgery and need short-term skilled care
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output
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all fluid that is eliminated from the body' includes fluid in urine, feces, vomitus, perspiration, and moisutre in the air that is exhaled
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palliative care
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care that focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person, rather than on curing him or her
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panic disorder
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a disorder in which a person is terrified for no known reason
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paraplegia
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loss of function of lower body and legs
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partial weight bearing (PWB)
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able to support some weigh on one or both legs
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passive neglect
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unintentionally harming a person physically, mentally, or emotionally by faling to provide needed care
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pathogens
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harmful microorganisms
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pediculosis
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an infestation of lice
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percutaneous endoscopic gastostomy (PEG) tube
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a tube place through the skin directly into the stomach to assist with eating
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perineal care
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care of the genitals and anal area
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perineum
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the genital and anal area
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perseverating
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the repetition of words, phrases, questions, or actions
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personal protective equipment (PPE)
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equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting form contact with workplace hazards
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phantom sensation
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pain or feeling from a body part that has been amputated; caused by remaining nerve endings
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pillaging
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taking things that belong to someone else
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portable commode
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a chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath; used for elimination
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portal of entry
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any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter
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portal of exit
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any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave
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positioning
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the act of helping people into positions that will be comfortable and healthy for them
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postmortem care
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care of the body after death
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post-traumatic stress disorder
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an anxiety related disorder caused by a traumatic experience
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pre-diabetes
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a condition in which a person's blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
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pressure points
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areas of the body that bear much of its weight
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pressure sore
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a serious wound resulting from skin breakdown; aka bed sore or decubitus ulcer
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pronation
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turning downward
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prone
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position in which a person is lying on his stomach
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prosthesis
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a device that replaces a body part that is missing or deformed because of an accident, injury, illness, or birth defect; used to improve a person's ability to function and/or his appearance
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psychological abuse
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any behavior that causes a person to feel threatened, fearful, intimidated, or humiliated in any way
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psychosocial needs
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needs having to do with social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality
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psychotherapy
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a metohd of treating mental illness that involves talking about one's problems with mental health professionals
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puree
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to cohp, blend, or grind food into a thick paste of baby food consistency
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quadriplegia
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loss of function of legs, trunk, and arms
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radial pulse
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the pulse located on the inside of the wrist, where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin
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range of motion (ROM) exercises
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exercises that put a joint through its full arc of motion
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receptive aphasia
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inability to understand spoken or written words
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rehabilitation
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care given by a specialist to restore or improve function after an illness or injury
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reservoir
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a place where a pathogen lives and grows
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Resident's Rights
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numerous rights identified to OBRA that relate to how residents must be treated while living in a facility; they provide an ethical code of conduct for healthcare workers
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restraint alternatives
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any intervention used in place of a restraint or that reduces the need for a restraint
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restraint-free
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the state of being free of restraints and not using restraints for any reason
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restrict fluids
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a medical order for a person to limit fluids
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rheumatoid arthritis
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a type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful, and movement is restricted
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rotation
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turning a joint
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safety razor
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a type of razor that has a sharp blade with a special safety casing to help prevent cuts; requires the use of shaving cream or soap
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scalds
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burns caused by hot liquids
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scope of practice
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defines the things that healthcare providers are legally allowed to do and how to do them correctly
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sentinel event
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an accident or incident that results in grave physical or psychological injury or death
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sexual abuse
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forcing a person to perform or participate in sexual acts against his or her will; includes unwanted touching, exposing oneself, and sharing pornographic material
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sexual harassment
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any unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment; includes request for sexual favours, unwanted touching, and other acts of a sexual nature
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sharps
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needles or other sharp objects
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shock
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a condition that occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply
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Sims'
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position in which a person is in a left side-lying position; lower arm is behind the back and the upper knee is flexed and raised toward he chest
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skilled care
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medically necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist; is available 24 hours a day
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special diets
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diets for people who have certain illnesses; aka therapeutic or modified diets
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sputum
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the fluid a person coughs up from the lungs
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Standard Precautions
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a method of infection control in which all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease
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stoma
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an artificial opening in body
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straight catheter
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a catheter that does not remain inside the person; it is removed immediately after urine is drained
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subacute care
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care given in a hospital or in a long-term care facility for people who have had an acute injury or illness or problem resulting from a disease
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subjective information
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information that a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on something reported to the person that may or may not be true
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substance abuse
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the use of legal or illegal drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol in a way that is harmful to the abuser or to others
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sundowning
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becoming restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening, or night
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supination
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turning upward
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suppository
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a medication given rectally to cause a bowel movement
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surgical asepsis
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the state of being free of all microorganisms, not just pathogens; aka sterile technique
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susceptible host
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an uninfected person who could get sick
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sympathy
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sharing in the feelings and difficulties of others
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systemic infection
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an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms
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systolic
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first measurement of blood pressure phase when the heart is at work, contracting and pushing the blood from the left ventricle of the heart
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total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
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the intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive tract
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transfer belt
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a belt made of canvas or other heavy material used to assist people who are weak, unsteady, or uncoordinated; aka gait belt
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transient ischemic attack
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a warning sign of a CVA/stroke resulting from a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain; symptoms may last up to 24 hours
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tuberculosis (TB)
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an airborne disease that affects the lungs; causes coughing, trouble breathing, fever, weight loss, and fatige
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tumor
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group of abnormally growing cells
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unoccupied bed
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a bed made while nobody is in the bed
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urinary incontinence
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the inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine
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validating
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giving value to or approving
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verbal abuse
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the use of language - spoken or written - that threatens, embarrasses, or insults a person
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verbal communication
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communicating using words or sounds, spoken or written
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vital signs
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measurments that show how well the vital organs of the body are working; consist of body temp, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and level of pain
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VRE
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stands for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, a genetically changed strain of enterococcus that originally developed in people who were exposed to the antibiotic vancomycin
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