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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Less than blank percent of 85-89 year olds report disability in daily living activities
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50
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What is a better concept than chronological age?
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functional age
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What is happening to the old-age dependency ratio? Cite some stats about Eu, N. Am
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Increasing
more than 60% of adult pop will be +65 in 2050 +40% in N. am |
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Why is OADR increasing? (2)
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birth rates have peaked
medical care is increasing longevity |
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What are four characteristic changes in the brain and nervous syster?
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less brain weight
loss of grey matter less dendrite density: receiving structure slower synaptic speed |
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What causes (4) vision degenerations?
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reduced blood flow
reduced visual acuity pupils dilate less quickly cataracts glaucoma macular degeneration |
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What is macular degeneration?
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retina deterioration
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What are two aspects of hearing decline?
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acuity diminishes for high pitched sound
tinnitus: environmental cause |
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List three chronic health problems
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arthritis
osteoporosis hypertension |
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What is arthritis? Who does it affect? How can it be treated?
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cartilage breaks down, causes bones to grind and hurt
more females medication, new joints, exercise |
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What is osteroporis, how can it be treated?
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brittle bones, loss of calcium
higher risk of broken bones exercise, calcium rich diet |
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what is hyper tension? What makes it worse? How can it be improved?
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high blood pressure
secondary ageing makes this worse (lifestyle factors) diet and medication |
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What three kinds of attention decline in late adulthood?
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selective
divided sustained |
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What three kinds of memory decline?
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episodic
autobiographical source memory |
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What percent of older adults experience significant cognitive deficits?
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35-37%
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What three brain changes occur in Alzheimer's?
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decreased brain mass
more spaces in the brain (hippocampus, cerebellum, frontal lobes) neurotransmitters decrease (acetylcholine, dopamine) |
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what is the most common form of dementia?
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alzheimers
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What percent of people experience dementia? what ratio of that is alzheimer's?
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2%, 2/3rds
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What are four tangible effects of alzheimers?
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loss of memory for recent events, people
increased anxiety increased aggression difficulty with emotional processing |
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What are two features of alzheimer's brain degeneration?
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neurofibrillary tangles
accumulation of plaques |
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What are risk factos for Alzheimer's?
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ApoE gene
diet (high sugar and fat) |
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What are protective factors for Alheimer's?
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cognitive activity
exercise diet (healthy) |
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Define wisdom
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Expertise in conduct and meaning of life
universal truth, insight, value, awareness complex thinking |
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What are two strategies for dealing with cognitive decline?
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late life learning
selective optimization with compensation |
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Define ego integrity
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the sense that one has lived a useful life
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Define ego despair
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regrets, bitterness, contempt about life
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Describe the Myth of Misery
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changes in motivation over time lead to changes in perception and memory: as you get older you get less happy and have less social connections.
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Define Carstensen's socioemotional selective theory
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we monitor time, and our goals shift as our horizon shrinks, which leads to improved relationships, and emotional state
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What is the goal shift associated with socioemotional selective theory?
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choose to forgive, prune relationships, invest time where it really matters to one
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Describe the study done to investigate motivational goals and information processing
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emotion-provoking ads were preferred and more information was remembered, than horizon provoking.
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What is the positivity effect?
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focusing on positive emotions and outcomes
amygdala doesn't even process negative information |
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Does focus on emotion lead to better decisions?
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only when emotion is an important deciding factor. otherwise no
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Describe four positive effects of increased religious involvement in late adulthood?
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self esteem
life satisfaction overall happiness better physical health |
