Cmt Study

Front 1

The arytenoid cartilage is found in the -

Back 1

Larynx

Front 2

Which condition is associated with loop diuretics and typically requires the patient to take a supplement?

Back 2

Hypokalemia

Front 3

An anterior drawer test is performed on the:

Back 3

Knee

Front 4

Seldinger technique refers to which type of procedure?

Back 4

percutaneous insertion of a catheter

Front 5

Rifampin is used to treat:

Back 5

Tuberculosis

Front 6

BRCA-1 is a/an:

Back 6

gene linked to breast cancer risk

Front 7

Astrocytomas are found in the:

Back 7

brain

Front 8

The Raji cell assay is performed to evaluate:

Back 8

autoimmune disorders

Front 9

Sjogren syndrome is a condition of the:

Back 9

autoimmune system

Front 10

VRE is treated with which of the following?

Back 10

Zyvox

Front 11

___________ hearing loss refers to hearing that is better during loud noise.

Back 11

Paradoxical

Front 12

Pityriasis refers to a/an:

Back 12

seasonal skin rash

Front 13

The Breslow index is used to classify which of the following?

Back 13

melanoma

Front 14

A patient with bronchial asthma might be prescribed:

Back 14

Vanceril

Front 15

The azygos vein terminates at what vascular structure?

Back 15

superior vena cava

Front 16

The Joint Commission (JCAHO) grants accreditation for a maximum of:

Back 16

3 years

Front 17

Which is performed to monitor the progression of disease as well as the efficacy of treatment in AIDS?

Back 17

CD4

Front 18

A patient diagnosed with MAC is likely to have what underlying disorder?

Back 18

HIV/AIDS

Front 19

A patient who is para 3-1-0-4 has been pregnant at least:

Back 19

Twice

Front 20

Which is used to enhance the T1 and T2 signals of an MRI?

Back 20

spin echo

Front 21

pCO2 is reported in which of the following units:

Back 21

Both pO2 and pCO2 are expressions of partial pressure, and pressures are typically measured in millimeters of Mercury.

Front 22

CD rods are used to treat:

Back 22

scoliosis

Front 23

A scintigram is a record of the:

Back 23

distribution of a radioactive tracer in a tissue or an organ.

A scintigram is used for this purpose. The others are myelogram (B), angiogram (C), and pyelogram (D).

Front 24

A sialolith is what kind of stone?

Back 24

salivary

Front 25

Which of the following is a rare, progressive genetic disorder seen primarily in males in early childhood?

Back 25

Porokeratosis, or keratoatrophoderma, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the formation of slightly atrophic patches surrounded by an elevated keratotic border.

Front 26

Aprosopia refers to congenital absence of the:

Back 26

face

Front 27

In the condition tardive dyskinesia, the word tardive means:

Back 27

developing slowly or late-occurring.

Tardive dyskinesia develops over time in patients who have been on long-term antipsychotic medication, and it is characterized by involuntary, jerky movements of the muscles of the face, trunk, jaw, tongue and limbs.

Front 28

The scalene muscles are located in the:

Back 28

neck

Front 29

COX-2 inhibitors are used to treat:

Back 29

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 30

The medical term for undescended testicles is:

Back 30

cryptorchidism

Front 31

An Esmarch bandage is used to:

Back 31

exsanguinate a limb before surgery.

Front 32

Which of the following tests is used to assess the integrity of the peripheral nerves?

Back 32

NCV

Front 33

Which of the following would be a normal finding in a person recovering from anemia due to a traumatic bleed?

Back 33

Reticulocytes are immature red cells. They often appear in the peripheral blood when the marrow is trying to quickly raise the red cell count in the peripheral blood. A high reticulocyte count would be worrisome under normal circumstances, but is a positive sign of recovery for individuals who have recently suffered a low hematocrit. Schistocytes are pieces of red cell membranes; they are often the result of mechanical shredding of red cells caused by a prosthetic heart value or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Sickle cells are the result of an inherited chromosomal defect that alters the shape of hemoglobin. Blasts are extremely immature, undifferentiated white cells.

Front 34

The physician dictates "ach flu." This slang term refers to:

Back 34

Haemophilus influenza

Front 35

Sessile means:

Back 35

having a broad base of attachment

Front 36

Which type of blood cell proliferates in the presence of a parasitic infection or allergic response?

Back 36

eosinophils

Eosinophils will leave the capillaries and enter tissue fluid where they are believed to release enzymes, such as histaminase, that combat the effects of histamine and other mediators of inflammation in allergic reactions. They also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and are effective against certain parasitic worms.

Front 37

Which of the following bones does not articulate with any other bone in the axial skeleton?

Back 37

The hyoid bone is suspended from the styloid processes of the temporal bones by ligaments and muscles. It is located in the neck between the mandible and larynx and provides support to the tongue. All the other bones articulate directly with other bones of the face or skull.

Front 38

_____________ refers to generalized edema of the entire body.

Back 38

Anasarca represents an effusion of serum into the subcutaneous cellular substance, often resulting in massive generalized edema.

Front 39

Necrosis of tissue resulting in the conversion of damaged tissue into a soft, cheesy substance is called:

Back 39

Caseating tissue is seen in some granulomas of lung tissue, where the inflammatory cells (granuloma) are dry and crumbling, like a soft cheese.

Front 40

Coccidioidomycosis is a _________ disease.

Back 40

Fungal

Coccidioides immitis is the fungal culprit that leads to two forms of this disease. The first is self-limited in scope and consists of a respiratory

Front 41

The term marche à petits pas refers to an abnormality of:

Back 41

Gait

This term is used to describe the frozen or ataxic gait commonly associated with Parkinson disease.

Front 42

Four stages of cellular mitosis?

Back 42

The four stages of cellular mitosis (or cellular division) are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase whereby a single parent cell produces two chromosomally identical daughter cells.

Front 43

Calcitonin is produced by which gland?

Back 43

thyroid

Front 44

Coagulation factor X is also known as the ________ factor.

Back 44

Stuart

There are 12 coagulation factors (they are named I - XIII, but there is no factor VI). Blood factor X is also known as the Stuart factor or Power factor. Factor IX is known as the Christmas factor, and factor XII is known as the Hageman factor or glass factor.

Front 45

Which type of leukemia is associated with large numbers of mature lymphocytes in the circulating blood stream and is typically seen in the elderly?

Back 45

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

AML and ALL are associated with high numbers of circulating immature cells (either myeloblasts or lymphoblasts). CML and CLL are slowly progressive illnesses, the latter found typically in the elderly. All forms of leukemia are treated with chemotherapy to prevent cell division.

Front 46

The sensation of taste is also known as the ____________ sensation.

Back 46

gustatory

Olfactory sensations relate to smell and gustatory to the sensation of taste. Deglutitory refers to swallowing, of course, and masticatory to the act of chewing.

Front 47

The urine of someone with rickets would reflect which of the following levels?

Back 47

decreased calcium and elevated phosphate
The normal range of urine calcium is 100-250 mg/dL and the normal range of daily phosphate excretion is 0.9-1.3 g/dL. Calcium levels are decreased and phosphate excretion increased in rickets. Lowered calcium levels stimulates parathyroid hormone excess, resulting in renal phosphate loss.

Front 48

The class of drugs commonly referred to as statins are used to treat:

Back 48

dyslipidemia.

Front 49

Which of the following lab values would be consistent with renal failure?

Back 49

Creatinine 2.0, BUN 49

Front 50

CT scans use which imaging technology?

Back 50

X-rays

Front 51

The prefix ipsi- means:

Back 51

same.

Front 52

The piriformis muscle is located

Back 52

in the pelvic region extending to the thigh.

Front 53

Transaminitis, a possible side effect of statin therapy, is indicated by:

Back 53

elevated ALT and AST.

Front 54

Which of the following tests uses a Bruce protocol?

Back 54

Exercise stress test

Front 55

The great saphenous vein runs from:

Back 55

neck to shoulder

The great saphenous vein, the longest in the body, begins at the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of the foot. It empties into the femoral vein in the groin. The cephalic veins run shoulder to elbow, the small saphenous veins from posterior knee to dorsal foot, and the subclavian from neck to shoulder.

Front 56

Which of the following is an example of an active (ATP-requiring) mode of transporting substances across the plasma membrane of a cell?

Back 56

phagocytosis

Osmosis, diffusion, and filtration are all passive processes, whereby substances are moved across the plasma membrane via their own kinetic energy, their compatibility with the permeable characteristics of the plasma wall, or the natural movement from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Only phagocytosis, which requires the pseudopods of the cell to expend energy engulfing the particles and bringing them into the cell, is considered an active transport process.

Front 57

A short-acting barbiturate given intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia is:

Back 57

Brevital

Marcaine is an agent used for local, nerve block or spinal anesthesia. Nitrous oxide, Brevital and Versed are all used for the induction of general anesthesia, but only Brevital and Versed are given IV, and of these, only Brevital is a barbiturate.

Front 58

It is acceptable to use a hyphen between the limits of a range if:

Back 58

Neither value is accompanied by a symbol.

Front 59

Wernicke's area of the cerebrum is also known as the:

Back 59

auditory association area.

There are six association areas of the cerebrum that consist of association tracts. The auditory association area, or Wernicke's area, determines if a sound is speech, music or noise. It also interprets the meaning of speech by translating words into thoughts.

Front 60

The greater and lesser wings are associated with which structure of the skull?

Back 60

This bat-shaped structure lies at the middle part of the base of the skull and is called the keystone of the cranial floor because it articulates with all other cranial bones, holding them together.

Front 61

Hyperventilation, as in oxygen deficiency, pulmonary disease or CVA, can result in:

Back 61

In respiratory alkalosis pCO2 of arterial blood is decreased (below 35 mmHg). Hyperventilation causes the pH to increase. The kidneys will attempt to compensate, but often having the patient breathe into a paper bag and then rebreathe the exhaled mixture of CO2 and oxygen from the bag.

Front 62

The suffix -azine identifies a group of generic drugs used to treat:

Back 62

psychosis

The ending -azine is common to generic phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs, such as chlorpromazine [Thorazine], prochlorperazine [Compazine], and trifluoperazine [Stelazine]. In the case of these three, even the brand retained the identifying suffix.

Front 63

The scalene muscles are located in the:

Back 63

neck
The scalene muscles originate on the transverse processes of the third through sixth cervical vertebrae and insert at the first and second ribs. These muscles facilitate flexion/rotation of the neck and assist in inspiration.

Front 64

Anemia that is due to deficiency of vitamin B12 absorption is called:

Back 64

pernicious

Pernicious anemia is an inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a lack of secretion of intrinsic factor in the gastric mucosa. The result is a failure to absorb vitamin B12.

Front 65

Which of the following abbreviations is not on JCAHO's list of dangerous abbreviations?

Back 65

b.i.d.

Due to the high probability of misinterpretation, q.d., q.h.s., and cc are all included on the Joint Commission's dangerous abbreviations list, with only q.d. on the minimum list -- items that must be included on each accredited organizations "Do not Use" list. The abbreviation b.i.d. is still considered safe and appropriate for use in documentation.

Front 66

Which of the following growth factors is responsible for stimulating the development of neutrophils?

Back 66

G-CSF

Interleukin-5 is responsible for stimulating the development of eosinophils, Interleukin-7 for the development of lymphocytes, and M-CSF (Macrophage Cell Growth Factor) for the development of monocytes and macrophages. It is G-CSF (Granulocyte Cell Growth Factor) that is responsible for neutrophil development.

Front 67

Which cranial nerve is also known as the hypoglossal cranial nerve?

Back 67

XII

All of the numbered cranial nerves are also associated with a nominal notation: I - olfactory, II - optic, III - oculomotor, IV - trochlear, V - trigeminal, VI - abducens, VII - facial, VIII - vestibulocochlear, IX - glossopharyngeal, X - vagus, XI - accessory, and XII - hypoglossal.

Front 68

Which condition, in most cases, is the residual of acute rheumatic fever?

Back 68

mitral stenosis

Patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect are both congenital heart defects that are present at birth. Mitral valve prolapse is generally considered an inherited autosomal dominant trait. Mitral stenosis (and sometimes aortic stenosis) occurs most often as a result of rheumatic fever, though symptoms do not usually present until the 30s or 40s.

Front 69

Patients suffering from bronchospasm are often given mast cell inhibitors (like Intal) to:

Back 69

prevent the release of histamine
Mast cells, which are contained in connective tissue and are abundant alongside blood vessels, produce histamine and heparin. Mast cell inhibitors prevent the release of heparin during inflammation. These drugs are not used in treating acute attacks but are given for prophylactic effect. Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory response, bronchodilators relax smooth bronchial muscle, and leukotriene receptor antagonists block the action of leukotrienes.

Front 70

The hollow interior of a tubular structure (such as the trachea or colon) is called the:

Back 70

lumen

Only the lumen represents the hollow space created by a tubular organ. The terms mucosa, intima and tunica represent layers of organ structures and not the space created by them.

Front 71

Serum levels of which substance are elevated in CHF?

Back 71

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

ANP is produced and stored in the atrial myocardium. Since increased synthesis occurs in response to distention of the atria and increased angiotensin II, ANP levels would be elevated in CHF and other conditions associated with from increased blood volume. Homocysteine elevation is associated with premature development of atherosclerosis and risk of MI, troponin I is increased in myocardial necrosis and is an indicator of MI, and myoglobulin is elevated in instances of skeletal muscle damage, specifically of the heart in an MI.

Front 72

Lodine is used to treat:

Back 72

arthritis

Lodine [etodolac] is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic often prescribed to treat the pain associated with arthritis and other joint-related inflammatory processes.

Front 73

The ciliary body is found in the:

Back 73

eye
The ciliary body is the thickest portion of the vascular tunic, one of three tunic layers of the wall of the eyeball. It extends from the ora serata to a point just behind the sclerocorneal junction. The ciliar body consists of the ciliray processes and the ciliary muscle.

Front 74

Which of the following elements found in the human body is considered a trace element?

Back 74

copper

Copper is present in the body in such minute concentrations that it is considered a trace element. All trace elements together compose about 0.1% of total body mass. Phosphorus, iron, and magnesium are part of a group of elements that together compose approximately 3.9% of total body mass. It is oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen that make up the difference, composing 96% of total body mass.

Front 75

Which of the following is not a term used to describe the shape of a cell?

Back 75

stratified

Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike, cuboidal cells are usually cube-shaped in cross section, and columnar cells are tall and cylindrical or somewhat rectangular. The term stratified refers to epithelium composed of stacked layers of cells, typical in areas of the body with a high degree of wear and tear.

This has nothing to do with the shape of the cells themselves.

Front 76

The pectineus muscle is found in the:

Back 76

thigh

The pectineus muscle, whose action is in flexing and adducting the thigh, originates on the superior ramus of the pubis and inserts at the pectineal line of the femur, between the lesser trochanter and linea aspera.

Front 77

The Lee-White method refers to the test for:

Back 77

clotting time

Clotting time is the time required for a specimen of whole blood, obtained by venipuncture, to coagulate. The standard method for measuring this is the Lee-White method. For bleeding time, the standard testing is performed either via the Duke method or the Ivy method. The tourniquet test, or Rumpel-Leede test, assess capillary fragility and platelet function. Platelet function can also be assessed via platelet aggregation testing.

Front 78

A fracture caused by weakening of bone due to a disease process is called a/an _________ fracture:

Back 78

stress

Diseases such as neoplasia, osteomyelitis, osteoporosis and osteomalacia can cause an gradual erosion of bone that weakens it to the point of spontaneous fracture, often without any traumatic correlation. Those fractures are referred to as pathologic, or caused by disease.

Front 79

Where are Schwann cells found?

Back 79

peripheral nerve axons

Schwann cells, also called neurolemmocytes, are flattened cells arranged around the axons of nerves in the PNS (peripheral nervous system). They produce myelin sheath around axons of PNS neurons.

Front 80

Which of the following SSRI medications used to treat depression has a name derived from the Latin word for peace?

Back 80

Paxil

The drug Paxil derives its name from the Latin pax, meaning peace. Pax Romana refers to the period of peace and tranquility that the Roman empire enjoyed from about 27 B.C. (with Augustus) until A.D. 180 -- the death of Marcus Aurelius.

Front 81

Ménière syndrome is characterized by a gradual loss of what function?

Back 81

hearing

Characterized by an increased amount of endolymph that enlarges the membranous labyrinth of the ear, Ménière syndrome can result in fluctuating hearing loss (caused by distortion of the basilar membrane of the cochlea), attacks of vertigo, and roaring tinnitus. Over a period of years, there may be almost total destruction of hearing.

Front 82

Baby teeth are also called -

Back 82

deciduous teeth